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<p>The current study presents an innovative approach to biofuel production by investigating the pyrolysis of doum (Hyphaene thebaica) shell, an underutilized biomass waste, under thermal, catalyst, and co-pyrolysis conditions. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on conventional biomass sources or plastic waste co-pyrolysis, this research explores the unique co-pyrolysis of doum shell with liquid reed black liquor, an industrial lignin-rich by-product, presenting a novel pathway for improving the quality and yield of bio-oil. Pyrolysis was conducted using a fixed-bed reactor at temperatures of 400, 450, and 550°C. Catalytic pyrolysis used bentonite clay, as a natural catalyst, at loadings of 10, 20, and 30%. Co-pyrolysis of doum shell with black liquor was investigated at blending ratios of 10, 30, and 50%. The obtained results indicated that increasing temperature increased bio-oil yield from 16 to 20% with an enhancement of 25%. The catalyst pyrolysis increased bio-oil yield from 20 to 26% with an increase of 30% at a mass ratio of 20%. The co-pyrolysis of doum shell increased bio-oil yield by 38, 48, and 44% for mass ratios of 10, 30, and 50%, respectively, with a maximum increase of 140% compared to thermal pyrolysis. The catalyst and co-pyrolysis increased the heating value of bio-oil by 15.34% and 25% and decreased oxygen content by 59.8 and 89.6%, respectively, markedly enhancing the quality of bio-oil. A machine learning optimization study using random forest regression predicted the maximum bio-oil yield of 49.72%, which can be achieved under optimal conditions of 450&#xa0;°C, 15% catalyst, and 25% black liquor, with high model accuracy (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 99%). This study contributes to the sustainable valorization of doum shell waste in combination with natural catalysts and industrial waste, offering an energy-efficient and scalable pathway for renewable biofuel production. It also provides crucial insights into waste management and data-driven optimization for the next-generation of biomass pyrolysis systems.</p>

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Sustainable production of bio-oil from doum shell waste: effect of temperature, catalyst, and co-pyrolysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Hamada Mohamed Abdelmotalib,
  • Phelep Tharwat Samuel Maxemos,
  • Ahmed A. Abdel Samee

摘要

The current study presents an innovative approach to biofuel production by investigating the pyrolysis of doum (Hyphaene thebaica) shell, an underutilized biomass waste, under thermal, catalyst, and co-pyrolysis conditions. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on conventional biomass sources or plastic waste co-pyrolysis, this research explores the unique co-pyrolysis of doum shell with liquid reed black liquor, an industrial lignin-rich by-product, presenting a novel pathway for improving the quality and yield of bio-oil. Pyrolysis was conducted using a fixed-bed reactor at temperatures of 400, 450, and 550°C. Catalytic pyrolysis used bentonite clay, as a natural catalyst, at loadings of 10, 20, and 30%. Co-pyrolysis of doum shell with black liquor was investigated at blending ratios of 10, 30, and 50%. The obtained results indicated that increasing temperature increased bio-oil yield from 16 to 20% with an enhancement of 25%. The catalyst pyrolysis increased bio-oil yield from 20 to 26% with an increase of 30% at a mass ratio of 20%. The co-pyrolysis of doum shell increased bio-oil yield by 38, 48, and 44% for mass ratios of 10, 30, and 50%, respectively, with a maximum increase of 140% compared to thermal pyrolysis. The catalyst and co-pyrolysis increased the heating value of bio-oil by 15.34% and 25% and decreased oxygen content by 59.8 and 89.6%, respectively, markedly enhancing the quality of bio-oil. A machine learning optimization study using random forest regression predicted the maximum bio-oil yield of 49.72%, which can be achieved under optimal conditions of 450 °C, 15% catalyst, and 25% black liquor, with high model accuracy (R2 = 99%). This study contributes to the sustainable valorization of doum shell waste in combination with natural catalysts and industrial waste, offering an energy-efficient and scalable pathway for renewable biofuel production. It also provides crucial insights into waste management and data-driven optimization for the next-generation of biomass pyrolysis systems.