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<p>Traditional firefighting methods struggle to address the escalating demands of high-temperature and hazardous fire scenarios, driving the need for innovative, sustainable solutions. Hydrogel-based materials, with their adaptable physicochemical properties, have emerged as a transformative approach to modern fire suppression. This review comprehensively explores the composition, mechanisms, and applications of hydrogel extinguishing agents, emphasizing their foundation in eco-friendly biopolymers such as cellulose and sodium alginate. These materials leverage high water retention, rapid film formation, and thermal energy absorption to achieve dual-phase fire suppression through oxygen isolation, heat dissipation, and foam stabilization. Studies highlight their superior extinguishing efficiency, thermal resilience, and adhesion performance across diverse fire types, including liquid, solid, and extreme-temperature environments. Furthermore, hydrogel systems offer significant cost advantages and environmental compatibility compared to conventional firefighting agents. While their current industrial and civil applications demonstrate promise, challenges remain in optimizing high-temperature durability, storage stability, and scenario-specific adaptability. Future advancements are envisioned through integration with smart firefighting technologies, expansion into complex fire scenarios, and material innovations to enhance thermal resistance. As a sustainable, high-performance alternative, hydrogel technology is poised to redefine fire safety paradigms, bridging the gap between efficacy, ecological responsibility, and scalability in next-generation fire suppression strategies.</p>

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Advancements in hydrogel-based fire extinguishing materials: a review of eco-friendly, high-efficiency, and cost-effective solutions for modern firefighting challenges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Weiyuan Huang,
  • Wenkai Li,
  • Rongyue Huang,
  • Yawei Huang,
  • Jiayi Wu,
  • Yi Zhao,
  • Jianrong Liang,
  • Yuanlin Xie,
  • Jingyi Wu,
  • Jiaming Li,
  • Zhuotong Pan,
  • Xuexue Pan

摘要

Traditional firefighting methods struggle to address the escalating demands of high-temperature and hazardous fire scenarios, driving the need for innovative, sustainable solutions. Hydrogel-based materials, with their adaptable physicochemical properties, have emerged as a transformative approach to modern fire suppression. This review comprehensively explores the composition, mechanisms, and applications of hydrogel extinguishing agents, emphasizing their foundation in eco-friendly biopolymers such as cellulose and sodium alginate. These materials leverage high water retention, rapid film formation, and thermal energy absorption to achieve dual-phase fire suppression through oxygen isolation, heat dissipation, and foam stabilization. Studies highlight their superior extinguishing efficiency, thermal resilience, and adhesion performance across diverse fire types, including liquid, solid, and extreme-temperature environments. Furthermore, hydrogel systems offer significant cost advantages and environmental compatibility compared to conventional firefighting agents. While their current industrial and civil applications demonstrate promise, challenges remain in optimizing high-temperature durability, storage stability, and scenario-specific adaptability. Future advancements are envisioned through integration with smart firefighting technologies, expansion into complex fire scenarios, and material innovations to enhance thermal resistance. As a sustainable, high-performance alternative, hydrogel technology is poised to redefine fire safety paradigms, bridging the gap between efficacy, ecological responsibility, and scalability in next-generation fire suppression strategies.