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<p>Low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies can improve thermal efficiency while reducing NO<sub>x</sub> and particulate emissions. Hydrogen is widely investigated for LTC because it is carbon-free, highly diffusive, and supports lean premixed combustion. Among LTC concepts, this review emphasizes HCCI-based operation because hydrogen-assisted HCCI can achieve near-homogeneous charge preparation, which rely on strong reactivity stratification and tighter multi-injection coordination. The review synthesizes experimental and modeling studies on how operating parameters govern auto-ignition, combustion phasing, performance, and emissions. Reported operating ranges commonly include hydrogen energy share from 10–40%, engine load around 0.5–4&#xa0;bar BMEP (25–100% load depending on engine), diesel injection timing spanning ~ 75–180° bTDC in premixed/early strategies and ~ 20–30° bTDC near conventional phasing, compression ratio ~ 16:1–18:1, equivalence ratio <i>ϕ</i> ≈ 0.3–0.6, and intake/charge temperature ~ 80–130&#xa0;°C. Across studies, moderate hydrogen enrichment can increase efficiency (often reported ~ 20–30% under optimized conditions) and strongly suppress PM and CO<sub>2</sub>. However, hydrogen introduces clear trade-offs: NO<sub>x</sub> may increase when heat-release rates and local temperatures rise, while CO and unburned hydrocarbons can remain elevated under ultra-lean, low-temperature conditions and in crevice/near-wall regions. Stable hydrogen HCCI operation is bounded by misfire/instability at low load or very lean mixtures and knock/ringing at higher hydrogen fractions and loads. Practical stability is frequently assessed using thresholds such as ringing intensity RI ≤ 5&#xa0;MW m<sup>-2</sup> and pressure-rise rate limits (commonly ≤ 15&#xa0;MPa m<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). The review also highlights practical implementation challenges—hydrogen storage and supply, mixture preparation, safety, and real-time combustion control—and summarizes mitigation pathways including injection scheduling (split/multi-pulse), EGR/charge conditioning, reactivity management, and operating-window optimization.</p>

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Hydrogen as a low-temperature combustion HCCI engine fuel: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Vivek Kumar Mishra,
  • Nitin Kumar,
  • Abhijit Bhowmik,
  • Ajay Kumar,
  • Vivek John,
  • Kaushal Kumar,
  • Priyaranjan Samal

摘要

Low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies can improve thermal efficiency while reducing NOx and particulate emissions. Hydrogen is widely investigated for LTC because it is carbon-free, highly diffusive, and supports lean premixed combustion. Among LTC concepts, this review emphasizes HCCI-based operation because hydrogen-assisted HCCI can achieve near-homogeneous charge preparation, which rely on strong reactivity stratification and tighter multi-injection coordination. The review synthesizes experimental and modeling studies on how operating parameters govern auto-ignition, combustion phasing, performance, and emissions. Reported operating ranges commonly include hydrogen energy share from 10–40%, engine load around 0.5–4 bar BMEP (25–100% load depending on engine), diesel injection timing spanning ~ 75–180° bTDC in premixed/early strategies and ~ 20–30° bTDC near conventional phasing, compression ratio ~ 16:1–18:1, equivalence ratio ϕ ≈ 0.3–0.6, and intake/charge temperature ~ 80–130 °C. Across studies, moderate hydrogen enrichment can increase efficiency (often reported ~ 20–30% under optimized conditions) and strongly suppress PM and CO2. However, hydrogen introduces clear trade-offs: NOx may increase when heat-release rates and local temperatures rise, while CO and unburned hydrocarbons can remain elevated under ultra-lean, low-temperature conditions and in crevice/near-wall regions. Stable hydrogen HCCI operation is bounded by misfire/instability at low load or very lean mixtures and knock/ringing at higher hydrogen fractions and loads. Practical stability is frequently assessed using thresholds such as ringing intensity RI ≤ 5 MW m-2 and pressure-rise rate limits (commonly ≤ 15 MPa m-1 s-1). The review also highlights practical implementation challenges—hydrogen storage and supply, mixture preparation, safety, and real-time combustion control—and summarizes mitigation pathways including injection scheduling (split/multi-pulse), EGR/charge conditioning, reactivity management, and operating-window optimization.