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<p>Because water is needed more around the world, new ways of using solar stills, a type of sustainable desalination, should be created to improve their performance. This review looks at how reflectors work in several types of solar stills to improve the overall performance. Inclined solar stills that have top and bottom reflectors had the highest water productivity of 4.2&#xa0;kg m<sup>−2</sup>, and water generated from PV-solar stills with reflectors and cooling was much higher than before, showing a 40.98% rise in output. Tubular setups that have Fresnel reflectors could make 63.68&#xa0;kg of water daily, and solar stills designed with internal reflectors and sand beds produced 165% more water. With reflectors, wick-based designs and stills with nanomaterials managed to achieve thermal efficiencies above 80%. Using PCM along with reflectors increases the amount of power generated up to 209%. It can be stated that adjusting the reflection angles, figuring out costs, and finding solutions for scaling are the main challenges to be resolved. The review concludes that the use of reflectors can improve solar stills a lot, and using them together with phase change materials (PCMs) and nanomaterials is the most potential for sustainable water desalination.</p>

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Enhancement solar still efficiency through reflectors: a review of latest advancements and design inventions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Farhan Lafta Rashid,
  • Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi,
  • Najah M. L. Al-Maimuri,
  • Nibal Fadel Farman Alhialy,
  • Karrar A. Hammoodi,
  • Saif Ali Kadhim,
  • Abdallah Bouabidi,
  • Atef Chibani

摘要

Because water is needed more around the world, new ways of using solar stills, a type of sustainable desalination, should be created to improve their performance. This review looks at how reflectors work in several types of solar stills to improve the overall performance. Inclined solar stills that have top and bottom reflectors had the highest water productivity of 4.2 kg m−2, and water generated from PV-solar stills with reflectors and cooling was much higher than before, showing a 40.98% rise in output. Tubular setups that have Fresnel reflectors could make 63.68 kg of water daily, and solar stills designed with internal reflectors and sand beds produced 165% more water. With reflectors, wick-based designs and stills with nanomaterials managed to achieve thermal efficiencies above 80%. Using PCM along with reflectors increases the amount of power generated up to 209%. It can be stated that adjusting the reflection angles, figuring out costs, and finding solutions for scaling are the main challenges to be resolved. The review concludes that the use of reflectors can improve solar stills a lot, and using them together with phase change materials (PCMs) and nanomaterials is the most potential for sustainable water desalination.