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<p>Solar thermal radiation on magnetized MoS₂–graphene oxide/H₂O hybrid nanofluids has applications in solar energy collectors, electronic cooling, heat exchangers, and magnetic flow control devices. The enhanced thermal conductivity and controllable flow behavior improve heat absorption, transport efficiency, and temperature regulation in advanced engineering system. Keeping in view these important applications, the current work discusses the solar thermal radiations effects on magnetized MoS<sub>2</sub>–GO/H<sub>2</sub>O hybrid nanofluid flow on a varying porous stretching sheet that is the main novelty of the current work. The fluid revolves about <i>z</i>-axis with magnetic field effects in perpendicular direction of flow. Various flow conditions like Joule heating, nonlinear convection, and viscous dissipation are used in current study. The leading equations in dimensionless form have evaluated through use of bvp4c approach. It has observed in this study that, with escalation in magnetic factor, radiation factor, rotation factor, and Eckert number the thermal profiles <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\{ {\theta \left( \eta \right)} \right\}\left\{ {\theta \left( \eta \right)} \right\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>η</mi> </mfenced> </mrow> </mfenced> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>η</mi> </mfenced> </mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> have enlarged while these profiles weakened with surge in thermal slip factor. On the other hand, these factors support the Nusselt number <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\{ {\left( {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } \right)^{ - 1/2} Nu_{\text{x}} } \right\}\left\{ {\left( {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } \right)^{ - 1/2} Nu_{\text{x}} } \right\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mrow> <msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mtext>Re</mtext> <mtext>x</mtext> </msub> </mfenced> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mtext>x</mtext> </msub> </mrow> </mfenced> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mrow> <msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mtext>Re</mtext> <mtext>x</mtext> </msub> </mfenced> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mtext>x</mtext> </msub> </mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The skin friction <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\{ {\sqrt {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } C_{\text{fx}} } \right\}\left\{ {\sqrt {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } C_{\text{fx}} } \right\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mrow> <msqrt> <msub> <mtext>Re</mtext> <mtext>x</mtext> </msub> </msqrt> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mtext>fx</mtext> </msub> </mrow> </mfenced> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mrow> <msqrt> <msub> <mtext>Re</mtext> <mtext>x</mtext> </msub> </msqrt> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mtext>fx</mtext> </msub> </mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the x-direction surges with rise in the magnetic factor, velocity slip factor, and rotational factor while declines with growth in variable porous factor and linear and nonlinear Grashof numbers. The skin friction <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\{ {\sqrt {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } C_{\text{fy}} } \right\}\left\{ {\sqrt {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } C_{\text{fy}} } \right\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mrow> <msqrt> <msub> <mtext>Re</mtext> <mtext>x</mtext> </msub> </msqrt> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mtext>fy</mtext> </msub> </mrow> </mfenced> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mrow> <msqrt> <msub> <mtext>Re</mtext> <mtext>x</mtext> </msub> </msqrt> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mtext>fy</mtext> </msub> </mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the secondary direction escalates with higher velocity slip factor, variable porous factor, and linear and nonlinear Grashof numbers while declines with growth in magnetic and rotational factors. The results obtained in this study were validated against previously established datasets through a comparative analysis. For variations in the rotation factor, the primary velocity exhibits deviations ranging from 0 to 5.9 × 10<sup>–7</sup>%, while the secondary flow varies from 0 to 5.0 × 10<sup>–7</sup>%.</p>

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Effect of solar thermal radiation on magnetized MoS2–graphene oxide/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow via variable porous stretching sheet with joule heating and nonlinear convection effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • M. M. Seada,
  • Anwar Saeed

摘要

Solar thermal radiation on magnetized MoS₂–graphene oxide/H₂O hybrid nanofluids has applications in solar energy collectors, electronic cooling, heat exchangers, and magnetic flow control devices. The enhanced thermal conductivity and controllable flow behavior improve heat absorption, transport efficiency, and temperature regulation in advanced engineering system. Keeping in view these important applications, the current work discusses the solar thermal radiations effects on magnetized MoS2–GO/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow on a varying porous stretching sheet that is the main novelty of the current work. The fluid revolves about z-axis with magnetic field effects in perpendicular direction of flow. Various flow conditions like Joule heating, nonlinear convection, and viscous dissipation are used in current study. The leading equations in dimensionless form have evaluated through use of bvp4c approach. It has observed in this study that, with escalation in magnetic factor, radiation factor, rotation factor, and Eckert number the thermal profiles \(\left\{ {\theta \left( \eta \right)} \right\}\left\{ {\theta \left( \eta \right)} \right\}\) θ η θ η have enlarged while these profiles weakened with surge in thermal slip factor. On the other hand, these factors support the Nusselt number \(\left\{ {\left( {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } \right)^{ - 1/2} Nu_{\text{x}} } \right\}\left\{ {\left( {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } \right)^{ - 1/2} Nu_{\text{x}} } \right\}\) Re x - 1 / 2 N u x Re x - 1 / 2 N u x . The skin friction \(\left\{ {\sqrt {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } C_{\text{fx}} } \right\}\left\{ {\sqrt {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } C_{\text{fx}} } \right\}\) Re x C fx Re x C fx in the x-direction surges with rise in the magnetic factor, velocity slip factor, and rotational factor while declines with growth in variable porous factor and linear and nonlinear Grashof numbers. The skin friction \(\left\{ {\sqrt {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } C_{\text{fy}} } \right\}\left\{ {\sqrt {{\text{Re}}_{\text{x}} } C_{\text{fy}} } \right\}\) Re x C fy Re x C fy in the secondary direction escalates with higher velocity slip factor, variable porous factor, and linear and nonlinear Grashof numbers while declines with growth in magnetic and rotational factors. The results obtained in this study were validated against previously established datasets through a comparative analysis. For variations in the rotation factor, the primary velocity exhibits deviations ranging from 0 to 5.9 × 10–7%, while the secondary flow varies from 0 to 5.0 × 10–7%.