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<p>A novel beeswax-based phase change material (BWPCM) was developed using pine cone powder (PC) as a natural and sustainable supporting matrix. White beeswax (BW) served as the PCM, and graphite was added to enhance thermal conductivity. The composite was prepared through a low-cost mechanical milling process for thermal energy storage. BW is an organic phase change material that is widely available and has a much lower unit cost than conventional phase change materials (PCMs). The resulting BWPCMs exhibited enhanced performance relative to pure BW. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical compatibility of the BWPCMs, showing no reactions between the components. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the composites, particularly those with graphite (<i>G</i>), had improved thermal stability within their operating temperature range. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that BWPCM6, which containing 90% BW, 5% PC, and 5% <i>G</i> by mass, highlighted a high enthalpy of 157.75&#xa0;J g<sup>-1</sup> and a suitable melting temperature (<i>T</i><sub>p,m</sub> = 52.01&#xa0;°C), with enhanced thermal stability and energy density. These results indicate that the developed BWPCMs are well-suited for medium- to high-temperature thermal energy storage, combining an eco-friendly composition with strong thermal performance.</p>

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Development of beeswax-based phase change materials modified with pine cone powder and graphite for thermal storage applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Amira Akrouti,
  • Abdelwaheb Trigui,
  • Rym Hassani,
  • Makki Abdelmouleh

摘要

A novel beeswax-based phase change material (BWPCM) was developed using pine cone powder (PC) as a natural and sustainable supporting matrix. White beeswax (BW) served as the PCM, and graphite was added to enhance thermal conductivity. The composite was prepared through a low-cost mechanical milling process for thermal energy storage. BW is an organic phase change material that is widely available and has a much lower unit cost than conventional phase change materials (PCMs). The resulting BWPCMs exhibited enhanced performance relative to pure BW. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical compatibility of the BWPCMs, showing no reactions between the components. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the composites, particularly those with graphite (G), had improved thermal stability within their operating temperature range. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that BWPCM6, which containing 90% BW, 5% PC, and 5% G by mass, highlighted a high enthalpy of 157.75 J g-1 and a suitable melting temperature (Tp,m = 52.01 °C), with enhanced thermal stability and energy density. These results indicate that the developed BWPCMs are well-suited for medium- to high-temperature thermal energy storage, combining an eco-friendly composition with strong thermal performance.