<p>The literature reveals that transportation and energy consumption significantly affect CO₂ emissions, with globalization potentially increasing emissions in developing countries. Using data from Türkiye for the period of 1970–2016, the study employs Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models to examine the short- and long-term effects of globalization, energy use and passenger transportation on carbon emissions. This study aims to analyze the determinants of carbon emissions in Türkiye by examining the impacts of globalization, energy consumption and passenger transportation on environmental sustainability. Specifically integrates air passenger transportation with energy consumption and the KOF Globalization Index to investigate their short- and long-term effects on per capita CO₂ emissions in Türkiye within a unified ARDL framework, in contrast to earlier research concentrating on aggregate transportation indicators. The findings indicate that energy consumption has a notable impact on carbon emissions, while globalization indirectly increases emissions through rising energy demand. This study provides essential insights for policymakers aiming to develop sustainable environmental policies, highlighting the importance of reducing energy consumption and promoting eco-friendly transportation policies.</p>