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<p>This study investigates thermal lag in non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, focusing solely on sample-centric contributions and excluding thermal events. By comparing indium (a good thermal conductor) and ammonium perchlorate (a poor thermal conductor) at varying heating rates, it is demonstrated that poorly conductive materials develop nonlinear temperature gradients within the sample, which are amplified by increased heating rates. In contrast, the indium sample exhibits a linear temperature profile that remains largely independent of heating rate under typical experimental conditions, consistent with Fourier’s law for steady-state or isothermal conditions. This observed material-dependent difference in thermalization behavior suggests that temperature calibration using an indium standard may be insufficient for accurately correcting thermal lag in non-metallic samples. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that temperature errors arising from such commonly studied materials can be fully mitigated through experimental controls alone, although employing moderate heating rates appears to be an effective strategy.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Thermal lag caused by poorly heat-conductive samples results in nonlinear temperature gradients during non-isothermal DSC measurements in the absence of thermal events

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Peter J. Skrdla

摘要

This study investigates thermal lag in non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, focusing solely on sample-centric contributions and excluding thermal events. By comparing indium (a good thermal conductor) and ammonium perchlorate (a poor thermal conductor) at varying heating rates, it is demonstrated that poorly conductive materials develop nonlinear temperature gradients within the sample, which are amplified by increased heating rates. In contrast, the indium sample exhibits a linear temperature profile that remains largely independent of heating rate under typical experimental conditions, consistent with Fourier’s law for steady-state or isothermal conditions. This observed material-dependent difference in thermalization behavior suggests that temperature calibration using an indium standard may be insufficient for accurately correcting thermal lag in non-metallic samples. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that temperature errors arising from such commonly studied materials can be fully mitigated through experimental controls alone, although employing moderate heating rates appears to be an effective strategy.

Graphical abstract