<p>Solar thermal desalination systems are promising technologies for freshwater production in remote and arid regions. Several desalination technologies have been investigated and introduced that could be powered by solar thermal collectors including solar stills, humidification–dehumidification systems, and multiple-effect distillation. However, one of the drawbacks of desalination systems is the adverse impact that the concentrated brine can have on the surrounding environment. Zero liquid discharge systems can be a reliable solution for avoiding direct brine discharge to the environment and also enhancing the performance of the desalination system by recirculating the brine. In this review, current technologies and the latest advancement of concentrated brine treatment and recirculation systems have been investigated. In addition, the possibility of powering these technologies with solar thermal desalination systems has been explored. To this end, a thorough discussion of solar thermal desalination technologies, including solar distillers, humidification–dehumidification method, multiple-effect distillation, hybrid, and other solar-powered desalination technologies (the most innovative solar-based desalination systems) integrated with zero liquid discharge systems, was conducted in this review.&#xa0;Moreover, the current research gaps and future perspectives in this field have been addressed. Future trends suggest that for ZLD systems to be commercially viable and scalable, techno-economic optimization should be conducted to make them more cost-effective and adaptable for industrial-scale applications. Key challenges in the field include reducing the high energy consumption and capital costs of these systems.</p>