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<p>Natural convection within wavy or sinusoidal cavities has emerged as a prominent area of investigation due to its superior thermal performance and applicability in advanced thermal systems, including solar collectors, electronic cooling devices, and thermal insulation panels. The incorporation of nanofluids, engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in conventional base fluids—has further augmented the heat transfer capabilities of such enclosures. This review systematically presents recent developments in the study of natural convection in wavy cavities filled with nanofluids. Emphasis is placed on the influence of critical parameters such as the Rayleigh number, nanoparticle volume fraction, Darcy number, Hartmann number, wavy wall amplitude, and cavity configuration on the resulting thermal and flow behaviors. All the reviewed articles are systematically compiled into Tables 1–5, providing researchers and readers with a clear road-map for identifying research gaps within the studied field. This work concludes by identifying key research gaps and suggesting potential future directions, including the integration of artificial intelligence techniques, shape optimization, and novel nanofluid formulations to enhance heat transfer performance in wavy-walled enclosures.</p>

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Natural convection in wavy cavities with nanofluids: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Samrat Hansda,
  • Ahmed Kadhim Hussein,
  • Sarna Soren,
  • Anirban Chattopadhyay,
  • Dhruba Majhi,
  • Zainab T. Al-Sharify,
  • Muataz S. Alhassan,
  • Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida

摘要

Natural convection within wavy or sinusoidal cavities has emerged as a prominent area of investigation due to its superior thermal performance and applicability in advanced thermal systems, including solar collectors, electronic cooling devices, and thermal insulation panels. The incorporation of nanofluids, engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in conventional base fluids—has further augmented the heat transfer capabilities of such enclosures. This review systematically presents recent developments in the study of natural convection in wavy cavities filled with nanofluids. Emphasis is placed on the influence of critical parameters such as the Rayleigh number, nanoparticle volume fraction, Darcy number, Hartmann number, wavy wall amplitude, and cavity configuration on the resulting thermal and flow behaviors. All the reviewed articles are systematically compiled into Tables 1–5, providing researchers and readers with a clear road-map for identifying research gaps within the studied field. This work concludes by identifying key research gaps and suggesting potential future directions, including the integration of artificial intelligence techniques, shape optimization, and novel nanofluid formulations to enhance heat transfer performance in wavy-walled enclosures.