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<p>Although nanocolloids for heat transfer are not a new subject, research continues to evaluate different combinations of nanoparticles and base fluids to identify optimal formulations for specific uses. This study presents a coordinated experimental analysis of PEG-400-based nanocolloids containing three nanoparticle types: zinc oxide (ZnO), alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Nanoparticle loadings were 0.5–2.5% for ZnO and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and 0.025–0.1% for MWCNTs, producing 12 nanofluid samples tested under laminar flow. The measured data were incorporated into a numerical analysis covering Reynolds numbers between 500 and 2000. Key performance indicators included outlet temperatures (average and peak), Nusselt numbers, and heat transfer coefficients, with additional discussion of the Peclet number to assess the interplay between convection and diffusion.</p><p>Results confirmed that Nusselt numbers rise with both Reynolds number and particle concentration, supporting the established understanding that nanofluids surpass base fluids in laminar convective heat transfer. However, the relative enhancement decreased at higher Reynolds numbers due to the elevated viscosity of nanocolloids, which restricts flow development. Overall, PEG-400-based nanocolloids show strong promise for medium-intensity thermal applications under laminar flow, benefiting from PEG’s thermal stability and compatibility with diverse nanoparticle types.</p>

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Peg based nanocolloids for heat transfer applications: a study on heat transfer enhancement in laminar flow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • George Catalin Tofan,
  • Nicoleta Cojocariu,
  • Catalin Andrei Tugui,
  • Bogdan Pricop,
  • Monica Nicoleta Lohan,
  • Elena Ionela Chereches,
  • Dana Bejan,
  • Alina Adriana Minea

摘要

Although nanocolloids for heat transfer are not a new subject, research continues to evaluate different combinations of nanoparticles and base fluids to identify optimal formulations for specific uses. This study presents a coordinated experimental analysis of PEG-400-based nanocolloids containing three nanoparticle types: zinc oxide (ZnO), alumina (Al2O3), and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Nanoparticle loadings were 0.5–2.5% for ZnO and Al2O3, and 0.025–0.1% for MWCNTs, producing 12 nanofluid samples tested under laminar flow. The measured data were incorporated into a numerical analysis covering Reynolds numbers between 500 and 2000. Key performance indicators included outlet temperatures (average and peak), Nusselt numbers, and heat transfer coefficients, with additional discussion of the Peclet number to assess the interplay between convection and diffusion.

Results confirmed that Nusselt numbers rise with both Reynolds number and particle concentration, supporting the established understanding that nanofluids surpass base fluids in laminar convective heat transfer. However, the relative enhancement decreased at higher Reynolds numbers due to the elevated viscosity of nanocolloids, which restricts flow development. Overall, PEG-400-based nanocolloids show strong promise for medium-intensity thermal applications under laminar flow, benefiting from PEG’s thermal stability and compatibility with diverse nanoparticle types.