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<p>Detailed thermodynamic and thermal analysis of HVAC systems is imperative as space cooling energy demand is exponentially increasing with economic prosperity in developing countries. This study evaluates the performance enhancement of split air conditioning system retrofitted with an evaporative-cooled condenser to study the system behavior under different thermal conditions. A specially developed experimental facility with the help from ASHRAE was established to achieve diverse ambient conditions, with cellulose evaporative cooling pad affixed to the condenser coil. The system, operating with R32 refrigerant with 1 TR capacity, was subjected to a series of calorimetric and thermal performance tests for variety of artificially maintained ambient temperatures (35–43&#xa0;°C). Key performance metrics, including the system’s overall coefficient of performance (COP), were rigorously derived using both calorimetric measurements and thermodynamic cycle analysis. Experimental results indicate that the incorporation of the evaporative cooling mechanism yields a significant enhancement in cooling capacity (5.5–19.6%), a reduction in compressor power consumption (9.52–42.1%) and an overall COP improvement (23.6–72.5%) in the tested temperature range. These thermodynamic improvements correspond to an estimated energy saving of approximately 5&#xa0;kWh per day over a standardized 10-h operational period at 35&#xa0;°C ambient conditions. The findings prove that integrating evaporative cooling with an inverter-based air conditioning system not only optimizes thermal energy transfer and calorimetric efficiency but also contributes significantly to sustainable HVAC system design.</p> Graphical abstract

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Thermodynamic and calorimetric evaluation of evaporative cooling condensers using R32 refrigerant in inverter-based split air conditioning systems for tropical climates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Balkrushna A. Shah,
  • Rakesh Radadiya,
  • Shebaz A. Memon

摘要

Detailed thermodynamic and thermal analysis of HVAC systems is imperative as space cooling energy demand is exponentially increasing with economic prosperity in developing countries. This study evaluates the performance enhancement of split air conditioning system retrofitted with an evaporative-cooled condenser to study the system behavior under different thermal conditions. A specially developed experimental facility with the help from ASHRAE was established to achieve diverse ambient conditions, with cellulose evaporative cooling pad affixed to the condenser coil. The system, operating with R32 refrigerant with 1 TR capacity, was subjected to a series of calorimetric and thermal performance tests for variety of artificially maintained ambient temperatures (35–43 °C). Key performance metrics, including the system’s overall coefficient of performance (COP), were rigorously derived using both calorimetric measurements and thermodynamic cycle analysis. Experimental results indicate that the incorporation of the evaporative cooling mechanism yields a significant enhancement in cooling capacity (5.5–19.6%), a reduction in compressor power consumption (9.52–42.1%) and an overall COP improvement (23.6–72.5%) in the tested temperature range. These thermodynamic improvements correspond to an estimated energy saving of approximately 5 kWh per day over a standardized 10-h operational period at 35 °C ambient conditions. The findings prove that integrating evaporative cooling with an inverter-based air conditioning system not only optimizes thermal energy transfer and calorimetric efficiency but also contributes significantly to sustainable HVAC system design.

Graphical abstract