Scholarlink

<p>Immersion cooling (IC) technology, recognized for its exceptional heat transfer performance, has emerged as a promising solution for battery thermal management systems (BTMS) in high-energy-density storage applications. In this study, transformer oil was employed as the cooling medium to systematically investigate the effects of ambient temperature, charge–discharge rate, and inlet flow rate on BTMS performance. Experimental results demonstrated that under static IC conditions, the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery module were reduced by up to 25.1 and 61.1%, respectively. However, at a 1.5C discharge rate, even with a full immersion volume (<i>V</i><sub>R</sub> = 1), the maximum module temperature exceeded 40&#xa0;°C. Under dynamic IC conditions, increasing the immersion volume reduced the maximum temperature during 1.5C discharge to 36.6&#xa0;°C, with a corresponding maximum temperature difference of 4.8&#xa0;°C. At a Reynolds number (Re) of 147, significant improvements were observed, with reductions of 10.4% in maximum temperature and 52.9% in temperature difference. Furthermore, the Z-type “top-inlet and bottom-outlet” flow configuration enhanced flow distribution and heat transfer efficiency, achieving a maximum temperature difference reduction of 65.7%. Temperature field uniformity analysis identified the optimal system configuration as <i>Q</i> = 9&#xa0;mL s<sup>−1</sup>, <i>V</i><sub>R</sub> = 1, with the Z-type top-inlet and bottom-outlet layout, which reduced the temperature uniformity index (<i>V</i><sub>s</sub>) by up to 72%. This study provides valuable insights for the engineering design of IC-based thermal management systems in high-density energy storage applications.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Experimental investigation of immersion cooling using insulating oil and forced convection heat transfer in high-energy-density battery modules

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

查看全文
  • Haimin Wang,
  • Yifeng Xu,
  • Zhiyuan Ji,
  • Chunjing Lin

摘要

Immersion cooling (IC) technology, recognized for its exceptional heat transfer performance, has emerged as a promising solution for battery thermal management systems (BTMS) in high-energy-density storage applications. In this study, transformer oil was employed as the cooling medium to systematically investigate the effects of ambient temperature, charge–discharge rate, and inlet flow rate on BTMS performance. Experimental results demonstrated that under static IC conditions, the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery module were reduced by up to 25.1 and 61.1%, respectively. However, at a 1.5C discharge rate, even with a full immersion volume (VR = 1), the maximum module temperature exceeded 40 °C. Under dynamic IC conditions, increasing the immersion volume reduced the maximum temperature during 1.5C discharge to 36.6 °C, with a corresponding maximum temperature difference of 4.8 °C. At a Reynolds number (Re) of 147, significant improvements were observed, with reductions of 10.4% in maximum temperature and 52.9% in temperature difference. Furthermore, the Z-type “top-inlet and bottom-outlet” flow configuration enhanced flow distribution and heat transfer efficiency, achieving a maximum temperature difference reduction of 65.7%. Temperature field uniformity analysis identified the optimal system configuration as Q = 9 mL s−1, VR = 1, with the Z-type top-inlet and bottom-outlet layout, which reduced the temperature uniformity index (Vs) by up to 72%. This study provides valuable insights for the engineering design of IC-based thermal management systems in high-density energy storage applications.