Development of lightweight basalt fiber-reinforced polymer composite with silane-treated activated biocarbon for enhanced mechanical, dielectric, and EMI shielding performance
摘要
This research focuses on the fabrication and characterization of vinyl ester-based composites reinforced with basalt fiber and chemically activated, surface-treated Cucumis melo fruit peel-derived biocarbon using the hand lay-up process. To assess their mechanical strength, durability, flame resistance, and electromagnetic shielding capability, the tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, flammability, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and dielectric tests were performed in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Among the fabricated composites, the sample containing 3 vol% biocarbon (MFB2) exhibited superior mechanical performance, with tensile strength and modulus of 132 MPa and 4.1 GPa, flexural strength and modulus of 174 MPa and 5.3 GPa, and an impact strength of 4 J. The tensile fracture surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the failure mechanisms. Meanwhile, the composite with higher filler content (MFB3) demonstrated enhanced EMI shielding effectiveness and dielectric properties in the 8–20 GHz frequency range. Additionally, the composite displayed a maximum Shore D hardness of 81 and a minimum flame propagation rate of 17 mm min-1, confirming its improved multifunctional performance.