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<p>One way to amend the heat transfer process in heat exchangers is to add substances with high thermal conductivity (TC) to the base fluid. The usage of nanofluids (NFs) in energy systems is rapidly growing. This study investigates the TC of graphene oxide (GO)–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/(50% ethylene glycol (EG) and 50% water) NF at temperatures T = 25–50&#xa0;°C and the volume fraction of nanoparticles (φ = 0.1–1.6%).&#xa0;The two-step technique was applied to create the samples. The results show raising the φ from φ = 0.1 to 1.6%, the temperature from 25 to 50&#xa0;°C, and the TC by 38%. The maximum increase in TC occurred at φ = 1.6%. Finally, the experimental equation is provided for estimating the TC of the generated NF over T and φ. The study reveals a MOD of 1.75%, indicating its accuracy. In addition, the proposed equation and experimental results were compared with the Li and Peterson model, which were in good agreement with the second equation presented by Li and Peterson.</p>

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A comprehensive experimental investigation on the thermal conductivity of Al2O3–graphene oxide/water–ethylene glycol hybrid nano-refrigerant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Majid Sarafan Soleimanzadeh,
  • Ali Basem,
  • Maboud Hekmatifar,
  • Soheil Salahshour,
  • Dheyaa J. Jasim

摘要

One way to amend the heat transfer process in heat exchangers is to add substances with high thermal conductivity (TC) to the base fluid. The usage of nanofluids (NFs) in energy systems is rapidly growing. This study investigates the TC of graphene oxide (GO)–Al2O3/(50% ethylene glycol (EG) and 50% water) NF at temperatures T = 25–50 °C and the volume fraction of nanoparticles (φ = 0.1–1.6%). The two-step technique was applied to create the samples. The results show raising the φ from φ = 0.1 to 1.6%, the temperature from 25 to 50 °C, and the TC by 38%. The maximum increase in TC occurred at φ = 1.6%. Finally, the experimental equation is provided for estimating the TC of the generated NF over T and φ. The study reveals a MOD of 1.75%, indicating its accuracy. In addition, the proposed equation and experimental results were compared with the Li and Peterson model, which were in good agreement with the second equation presented by Li and Peterson.