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<p>The performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines can be enhanced using nanoparticle additives. This experimental study investigates the effects of incorporating aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles into traditional diesel fuel (traditional diesel) and fuel extracted from waste lubrication oil (DWL) blends on a compression ignition engine. DWL was obtained through a thermal distillation process, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CuO nanoparticles at concentrations of 25&#xa0;ppm and 50&#xa0;ppm were added to diesel blends composed of 85% diesel and 15% DWL. Experiments were conducted on a Lombardini two-cylinder, four-stroke engine at speeds ranging from 1550 to 2150&#xa0;rpm and under loads of 2–6&#xa0;kg. The ambient temperature during testing was 17&#xa0;°C, with a relative humidity range of 30–40%. Results indicate that blending DWL with diesel increased brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 7.1% and reduced brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 6.10% compared with pure diesel. The addition of nanoparticles improved performance: 50&#xa0;ppm Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reduced BSFC by 9.07% and increased BTE by 9.88%, while CuO nanoparticles were less effective, achieving only a 4.04% BSFC reduction and a 4.14% BTE increase. Regarding emissions, CuO nanoparticles led to increases in hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ). In contrast, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles exhibited higher catalytic activity, significantly reducing CO and HC emissions and improving cetane number. Nevertheless, higher Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentrations caused increased NOₓ emissions due to enhanced mixing and higher combustion temperatures, conditions favorable for NOₓ formation.</p>

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Influence of adding CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticles on performance and emissions of diesel engine fueled with blend of diesel-waste lubricating oil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Ghanim Battal Kadhim,
  • Ibrahim Thamar Nazzal

摘要

The performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines can be enhanced using nanoparticle additives. This experimental study investigates the effects of incorporating aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles into traditional diesel fuel (traditional diesel) and fuel extracted from waste lubrication oil (DWL) blends on a compression ignition engine. DWL was obtained through a thermal distillation process, and Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles at concentrations of 25 ppm and 50 ppm were added to diesel blends composed of 85% diesel and 15% DWL. Experiments were conducted on a Lombardini two-cylinder, four-stroke engine at speeds ranging from 1550 to 2150 rpm and under loads of 2–6 kg. The ambient temperature during testing was 17 °C, with a relative humidity range of 30–40%. Results indicate that blending DWL with diesel increased brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 7.1% and reduced brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 6.10% compared with pure diesel. The addition of nanoparticles improved performance: 50 ppm Al2O3 reduced BSFC by 9.07% and increased BTE by 9.88%, while CuO nanoparticles were less effective, achieving only a 4.04% BSFC reduction and a 4.14% BTE increase. Regarding emissions, CuO nanoparticles led to increases in hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ). In contrast, Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibited higher catalytic activity, significantly reducing CO and HC emissions and improving cetane number. Nevertheless, higher Al2O3 concentrations caused increased NOₓ emissions due to enhanced mixing and higher combustion temperatures, conditions favorable for NOₓ formation.