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<p>In the present study, three solid samples were fabricated: nanomagnetite, treated sheep wool powder, and nanomagnetite/treated sheep wool powder composite beads (MSW). These solid samples were characterized by using a range of physicochemical techniques to evaluate their performance in adsorption and photo-Fenton degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic under varying operational conditions. According to the experimental results, the MSW composite exhibited numerous surface functional groups, a high surface area (122.1&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>), a point of zero charge (pH<sub>PZC</sub>) of 5.9, a smaller average particle size (50&#xa0;nm), a bandgap of 2.2&#xa0;eV, and mesoporous structure with an average pore radius of 3.14&#xa0;nm. It also demonstrated remarkable thermal stability, with only 28.6% mass loss observed up to 800&#xa0;°C. When comparing the results of adsorption and photo-Fenton processes for CIP, the adsorption data were best fitted by the nonlinear Langmuir isotherm model, with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values ranging from 0.9645 to 0.9891. The MSW sample showed the highest adsorption capacity (<i>Q</i><sub>m</sub> = 196.9&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>) after 8&#xa0;h at 20&#xa0;°C. The favorable nature of CIP adsorption was confirmed by <i>R</i><sub>L</sub> values ranging from 0.029 to 0.228. Additionally, CIP adsorption followed the nonlinear pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, 99.57% of CIP was degraded after 80&#xa0;min of the photo-Fenton reaction at 30&#xa0;°C. The photo-Fenton process for CIP was found to be endothermic (<i>ΔH</i>°&#xa0;=&#xa0;53.48–55.38 kJ&#xa0;mol<sup>−1</sup>) and nonspontaneous. Adsorption proved more effective at higher CIP concentrations, while the photo-Fenton process was more efficient at lower concentrations. Therefore, the two elimination strategies are complementary to each other.</p>

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Enhanced adsorption and photo-Fenton degradation of ciprofloxacin onto nanomagnetite/treated sheep wool composite: thermodynamic and kinetic studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Roaa T. Mogharbel,
  • Nada Alkhathami,
  • Mashael M. Alharbi,
  • Alaa M. Munshi,
  • Amani Alhifthi,
  • Hussain Alessa,
  • Hana M. Abumelha,
  • Nashwa M. El-Metwaly

摘要

In the present study, three solid samples were fabricated: nanomagnetite, treated sheep wool powder, and nanomagnetite/treated sheep wool powder composite beads (MSW). These solid samples were characterized by using a range of physicochemical techniques to evaluate their performance in adsorption and photo-Fenton degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic under varying operational conditions. According to the experimental results, the MSW composite exhibited numerous surface functional groups, a high surface area (122.1 m2 g−1), a point of zero charge (pHPZC) of 5.9, a smaller average particle size (50 nm), a bandgap of 2.2 eV, and mesoporous structure with an average pore radius of 3.14 nm. It also demonstrated remarkable thermal stability, with only 28.6% mass loss observed up to 800 °C. When comparing the results of adsorption and photo-Fenton processes for CIP, the adsorption data were best fitted by the nonlinear Langmuir isotherm model, with R2 values ranging from 0.9645 to 0.9891. The MSW sample showed the highest adsorption capacity (Qm = 196.9 mg g−1) after 8 h at 20 °C. The favorable nature of CIP adsorption was confirmed by RL values ranging from 0.029 to 0.228. Additionally, CIP adsorption followed the nonlinear pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, 99.57% of CIP was degraded after 80 min of the photo-Fenton reaction at 30 °C. The photo-Fenton process for CIP was found to be endothermic (ΔH° = 53.48–55.38 kJ mol−1) and nonspontaneous. Adsorption proved more effective at higher CIP concentrations, while the photo-Fenton process was more efficient at lower concentrations. Therefore, the two elimination strategies are complementary to each other.