<p>This paper addresses non-Newtonian nanofluid flow when Stefan blowing/suction is present past an unstable stretched exterior. The non-Newtonian liquid has been represented by considering the Casson liquid model. Consideration has been given to a two-phase fluid replica for nanofluid. The leading partial differential equations are converted to ordinary ones using similarity modifications. With the use of the shooting approach, the updated equations have been numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta method of order four. As unsteadiness increases, wall shear stress, coefficients of heat, and mass transport. The fluid temperature and velocity are observed to increase when the Stefan blowing/suction parameter increases. The fluid temperature increases and its velocity slows as the Casson parameter values increase. Coefficient of skin friction is growing function of Stefan blowing parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and unsteadiness parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> while for the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, the opposed effect is observed. Nusselt number increasing function of thermophoresis parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Nt}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Nt</mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> radiation parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Ra}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Ra</mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and prandtl number <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Pr}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>Pr</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> while reverse effect is seen for Brownian motion parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Nb}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Nb</mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and Lewis number <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Le}}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Le</mtext> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Lewis number <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Le}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Le</mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> radiation parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Ra}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Ra</mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and Brownian motion parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Nb}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Nb</mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> all increase Sherwood number, however thermophoresis parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Nt}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Nt</mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and prandlt number <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Pr}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Pr</mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> have the opposite effect.</p>

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Study of unsteady casson nanofluid flow across a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium in presence of stefan blowing and radiation

  • Sarook Khan,
  • Deepak Kumar,
  • Ravindra Kumar,
  • Ruchika Mehta

摘要

This paper addresses non-Newtonian nanofluid flow when Stefan blowing/suction is present past an unstable stretched exterior. The non-Newtonian liquid has been represented by considering the Casson liquid model. Consideration has been given to a two-phase fluid replica for nanofluid. The leading partial differential equations are converted to ordinary ones using similarity modifications. With the use of the shooting approach, the updated equations have been numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta method of order four. As unsteadiness increases, wall shear stress, coefficients of heat, and mass transport. The fluid temperature and velocity are observed to increase when the Stefan blowing/suction parameter increases. The fluid temperature increases and its velocity slows as the Casson parameter values increase. Coefficient of skin friction is growing function of Stefan blowing parameter \(S,\) S , and unsteadiness parameter \(A,\) A , while for the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, the opposed effect is observed. Nusselt number increasing function of thermophoresis parameter \({\text{Nt}},\) Nt , radiation parameter \({\text{Ra}},\) Ra , and prandtl number \({\text{Pr}}\) Pr while reverse effect is seen for Brownian motion parameter \({\text{Nb}},\) Nb , and Lewis number \({\text{Le}}.\) Le . Lewis number \({\text{Le}},\) Le , radiation parameter \({\text{Ra}},\) Ra , and Brownian motion parameter \({\text{Nb}},\) Nb , all increase Sherwood number, however thermophoresis parameter \({\text{Nt}},\) Nt , and prandlt number \({\text{Pr}},\) Pr , have the opposite effect.