<p>This study examines the effects of Marangoni convection and Joule heating on an axisymmetric Darcy–Forchheimer flow of an MHD ternary hybrid nanofluid across an infinite disk, including thermo-bioconvection and oxytactic microbes. The LTNE (local thermal non-equilibrium) characteristics are examine using the Hamilton–Crosser thermal conductivity model. Using a straightforward mathematical model, the study investigates the properties of heat transport in the absence of LTECs (local thermal equilibrium conditions). The LTNE model produces 2 different fundamental thermal gradients for both liquid and solid phases. Used is a ternary hybrid nanofluid consist of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14734_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Mgo$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Mgo</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14734_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\text{Ti}{O}_{2}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Ti</mtext> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14734_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Ag$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Ag</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and water as the improper liquid. This research can be used to phenomena such as bacterial movement in porous media, which is crucial for understanding microbial pollution in groundwater and creating innovative drug delivery methods. The suitable alterations are used to convert the PDE arrangement into nonlinear ODEs. This problem is theoretically solved with the Bvp4c. The outcomes indicate that when the inter-phase heat transfer factor increases, the solid phase’s thermal distribution and heat transfer rate increase, but the solid phase’s thermal distribution and the rate of heat transfer from the fluid phase decrease.</p>

Tribology thermal-solutal analysis of oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganisms in ternary hybrid nanofluid with local thermal non-equilibrium effects

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发表日期：

2025年9月23日

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Mouloud Aoudia,
Munawar Abbas,
Riadh Marzouki,
Muyassar Norberdiyeva,
Mustafa Bayram,
Ali Akgül,
Abdullah A. Faqihi,
Ibrahim Mahariq

摘要

This study examines the effects of Marangoni convection and Joule heating on an axisymmetric Darcy–Forchheimer flow of an MHD ternary hybrid nanofluid across an infinite disk, including thermo-bioconvection and oxytactic microbes. The LTNE (local thermal non-equilibrium) characteristics are examine using the Hamilton–Crosser thermal conductivity model. Using a straightforward mathematical model, the study investigates the properties of heat transport in the absence of LTECs (local thermal equilibrium conditions). The LTNE model produces 2 different fundamental thermal gradients for both liquid and solid phases. Used is a ternary hybrid nanofluid consist of $Mgo$ $Mgo$ , $\text{Ti}{O}_{2}$ $Ti O_{2}$ , $Ag$ $Ag$ , and water as the improper liquid. This research can be used to phenomena such as bacterial movement in porous media, which is crucial for understanding microbial pollution in groundwater and creating innovative drug delivery methods. The suitable alterations are used to convert the PDE arrangement into nonlinear ODEs. This problem is theoretically solved with the Bvp4c. The outcomes indicate that when the inter-phase heat transfer factor increases, the solid phase’s thermal distribution and heat transfer rate increase, but the solid phase’s thermal distribution and the rate of heat transfer from the fluid phase decrease.