Dual solutions and stability of thermal radiative flow and heat transfer of Al and TiO2/water-based nanofluid through stretching/shrinking cylinder with buoyancy effects
摘要
The exploration of the nanofluids has been very important because of its huge applications in science and technology. Therefore, in this article two-dimensional thermal radiative boundary layer flow and heat transference phenomena through stretching/shrinking cylindrical surface in Al and TiO2–water-based nanofluid with buoyancy and slip effects are considered. The equations of the prescribed problem are developed through using Tiwari–Das model. Moreover, similarity variables are used to convert of PDEs (partial differential equations) to ODEs (ordinary differential equations). In order to examine the impacts of various physical factors and nanoparticles volume fractions on the boundary layer nanofluid flow and the heat transferring phenomenon, the numerical method named as shooting is applied to solve the equations in Maple software. At the various limits of physical used parameters, the duality in solutions is achieved; to check feasibility of the solutions, stability analysis is performed using bvp4c in MATLAB software, where the first solution is found stable and physically feasible, while the second is found unstable and not physically feasible for each used parameter. The variation of skin friction, Nusselt number, velocity profile and temperature profile are examined for various values of physical parameters and nanoparticles volume fractions through graphs. The present study indicates that the enhancement in nanoparticle volumetric fraction rises skin friction at