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<p>The thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in confined spaces can not only rapidly produce a significant amount of gas but also lead to fires and explosions, posing a serious safety threat. This work investigates the characteristics of LIBs TR induced by overcharging at different rates in confined spaces through experimental and numerical methods. It reveals the laminar burning velocity (LBV), net heat production, and flame temperature of gases produced during TR at various overcharge rates, and discusses the impact of electrolyte organic solvents DMC, EMC, and DEC on the combustion of gases generated by LIBs. The results show that at high overcharge rates, the duration of battery TR is shorter, more energy and gas are released. The flame temperatures of the three electrolyte organic solvents are similar, but DMC exhibits higher LBV and net heat production. Furthermore, the suppression capabilities of typical halon substitutes for energy storage systems (ESS), namely HFC-227ea, 2-BTP, and Novec-1230, on the flames of gases produced by LIBs were studied from the perspectives of LBV, net heat production, flame temperature, and free radicals. All three extinguishants can suppress LIBs flames, with the suppression capabilities in descending order being: 2-BTP &gt; Novec-1230 &gt; HFC-227ea. There is a competitive relationship between the combustion-enhancing effect of hydrocarbons and the flame-inhibiting effect of bromide compounds. As the concentration of the 2-BTP increases, the sensitivity coefficient of the reaction decreases. The research findings are of great significance for promoting the safe development of ESS.</p>

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Experimental and numerical study on the suppression mechanism of gas production and combustion in battery thermal runaway under overcharge conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月24日

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  • Kuo Wang,
  • Fangzhou Li,
  • Jianqi Zhang,
  • Shuai Yuan,
  • Xingtong Wu,
  • Minghui Li,
  • Wenhao Hao,
  • Xinming Qian

摘要

The thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in confined spaces can not only rapidly produce a significant amount of gas but also lead to fires and explosions, posing a serious safety threat. This work investigates the characteristics of LIBs TR induced by overcharging at different rates in confined spaces through experimental and numerical methods. It reveals the laminar burning velocity (LBV), net heat production, and flame temperature of gases produced during TR at various overcharge rates, and discusses the impact of electrolyte organic solvents DMC, EMC, and DEC on the combustion of gases generated by LIBs. The results show that at high overcharge rates, the duration of battery TR is shorter, more energy and gas are released. The flame temperatures of the three electrolyte organic solvents are similar, but DMC exhibits higher LBV and net heat production. Furthermore, the suppression capabilities of typical halon substitutes for energy storage systems (ESS), namely HFC-227ea, 2-BTP, and Novec-1230, on the flames of gases produced by LIBs were studied from the perspectives of LBV, net heat production, flame temperature, and free radicals. All three extinguishants can suppress LIBs flames, with the suppression capabilities in descending order being: 2-BTP > Novec-1230 > HFC-227ea. There is a competitive relationship between the combustion-enhancing effect of hydrocarbons and the flame-inhibiting effect of bromide compounds. As the concentration of the 2-BTP increases, the sensitivity coefficient of the reaction decreases. The research findings are of great significance for promoting the safe development of ESS.