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<p>Engine oil is often used as a lubricant in advanced thermal systems and has many uses in manufacturing and engineering. In this study, engine oil is used as the base fluid, and silver nanoparticles are mixed into it to create a nanofluid. This nanofluid is placed in a square container made of porous material. The horizontal walls of the container are heated in a wave-like pattern, while the upright boundaries are kept cold. To model the flow of the nanofluid inside the container, the Boussinesq approximation is used, assuming the walls do not move. The mathematical equations developed are simulated using the finite element method. The results are shown through streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt numbers. The study looks at how factors like the Darcy parameter, the amount of nanoparticles mixed, and the Rayleigh number affect the flow and heat transport. The investigation found that the highest stream function values, representing the flow speed, were 0.18 and 0.9 for 0.02 vol% and 0.06 vol% nanoparticle dispersions, respectively, with smaller values for the Darcy and Rayleigh numbers.</p>

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Buoyancy convection of Ag/engine oil nanofluid in a square chamber with sinusoidally heated horizontal walls

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月23日

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  • Abdul Hamid Ganie,
  • Muhammad Faisal,
  • Irfan Anjum Badruddin,
  • Ahmed Said Abdel Hafez Zedan,
  • Malik Abdul Matin Awan

摘要

Engine oil is often used as a lubricant in advanced thermal systems and has many uses in manufacturing and engineering. In this study, engine oil is used as the base fluid, and silver nanoparticles are mixed into it to create a nanofluid. This nanofluid is placed in a square container made of porous material. The horizontal walls of the container are heated in a wave-like pattern, while the upright boundaries are kept cold. To model the flow of the nanofluid inside the container, the Boussinesq approximation is used, assuming the walls do not move. The mathematical equations developed are simulated using the finite element method. The results are shown through streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt numbers. The study looks at how factors like the Darcy parameter, the amount of nanoparticles mixed, and the Rayleigh number affect the flow and heat transport. The investigation found that the highest stream function values, representing the flow speed, were 0.18 and 0.9 for 0.02 vol% and 0.06 vol% nanoparticle dispersions, respectively, with smaller values for the Darcy and Rayleigh numbers.