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<p>Saline wastewater containing high concentrations of inorganic salts, mainly sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is generated from solar salt production, desalination plants, coal gasification, textiles &amp; tannery CETPs, and other industrial processing. Cooling crystallization can be a potential separation strategy for selective salt separation from such effluents. This work presents solid–solution phase equilibria and calorimetry-based thermal analysis of the NaCl–Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O ternary system for Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> separation. Phase balance was established to predict the yield and suspension density of selective salt from the multicomponent system. Phase change temperature and enthalpy for crystallization were estimated using a differential scanning calorimeter. A jacketed cylindrical vessel was used to investigate the effect of feed composition and temperature on Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> crystal yield, purity, and suspension density. The outcome of thermal analysis of ternary system presented in this work can help strategizing cooling crystallization for Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> separation and purification from saline streams of varied composition.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Thermal analysis of NaCl–Na2SO4–H2O ternary system and its application for selective Na2SO4 separation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Parul Sahu,
  • Hemali Masani

摘要

Saline wastewater containing high concentrations of inorganic salts, mainly sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is generated from solar salt production, desalination plants, coal gasification, textiles & tannery CETPs, and other industrial processing. Cooling crystallization can be a potential separation strategy for selective salt separation from such effluents. This work presents solid–solution phase equilibria and calorimetry-based thermal analysis of the NaCl–Na2SO4–H2O ternary system for Na2SO4 separation. Phase balance was established to predict the yield and suspension density of selective salt from the multicomponent system. Phase change temperature and enthalpy for crystallization were estimated using a differential scanning calorimeter. A jacketed cylindrical vessel was used to investigate the effect of feed composition and temperature on Na2SO4 crystal yield, purity, and suspension density. The outcome of thermal analysis of ternary system presented in this work can help strategizing cooling crystallization for Na2SO4 separation and purification from saline streams of varied composition.

Graphical abstract