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<p>The study explores the impact of nanoparticles on thermal conductivity in solar energy systems, focusing on the effect of a hybrid nanofluid on a solar power plant integrated with photovoltaic-thermal collectors for the energy needs of an office building. Through laboratory experiments using a Box–Behnken design method, optimal concentrations of ZnO/MCM-41 hybrid nanofluid were determined, enhancing thermal conductivity by 17.352% compared to distilled water. A computational model incorporating nanofluid properties was developed, validated against experimental data, and used to simulate the performance of a solar power plant. Results indicated a 74.06% and 75.17% solar fraction for thermal and electrical loads, respectively, when nanofluid was used as the operating fluid. Other key findings include: the optimal sample concentration was determined to be ZnO = 670.9&#xa0;ppm and MCM-41 = 835.49&#xa0;ppm at 50&#xa0;°C, and material identification tests confirmed the validity and structure of the nanomaterials used. Although the collector efficiency improved by a modest 1.37% and the convective heat transfer coefficient increased by 9.05%, the economic feasibility of ZnO/MCM-41 hybrid nanofluids in the analyzed solar power plant remains constrained. This research presents the first experimental and simulation-based evaluation of ZnO/MCM-41 hybrid nanofluids in photovoltaic-thermal solar systems, addressing a key gap in literature lacking comprehensive studies on such hybrids.</p>

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Investigating heat transfer efficiency of hybrid nanofluids based on ZnO/MCM-41 and simulating its effect on the performance of a solar power plant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Reza Afsharianzadeh,
  • Mostafa Kiani Deh Kiani,
  • Mohammad Behbahani,
  • Aminreza Noghrehabadi

摘要

The study explores the impact of nanoparticles on thermal conductivity in solar energy systems, focusing on the effect of a hybrid nanofluid on a solar power plant integrated with photovoltaic-thermal collectors for the energy needs of an office building. Through laboratory experiments using a Box–Behnken design method, optimal concentrations of ZnO/MCM-41 hybrid nanofluid were determined, enhancing thermal conductivity by 17.352% compared to distilled water. A computational model incorporating nanofluid properties was developed, validated against experimental data, and used to simulate the performance of a solar power plant. Results indicated a 74.06% and 75.17% solar fraction for thermal and electrical loads, respectively, when nanofluid was used as the operating fluid. Other key findings include: the optimal sample concentration was determined to be ZnO = 670.9 ppm and MCM-41 = 835.49 ppm at 50 °C, and material identification tests confirmed the validity and structure of the nanomaterials used. Although the collector efficiency improved by a modest 1.37% and the convective heat transfer coefficient increased by 9.05%, the economic feasibility of ZnO/MCM-41 hybrid nanofluids in the analyzed solar power plant remains constrained. This research presents the first experimental and simulation-based evaluation of ZnO/MCM-41 hybrid nanofluids in photovoltaic-thermal solar systems, addressing a key gap in literature lacking comprehensive studies on such hybrids.