<p>Energy pile is a green, constant-temperature utilization technology with dual functions of heat exchange and load bearing. Improving its heat transfer efficiency has always been one of the main directions of scholars’ research. This study discussed the optimization of heat transfer buried pipe parameters, modification of pile materials, and improvement of working fluid performance within the pipes. Additionally, based on the research achievements of the research team in recent years regarding heat transfer enhancement in energy piles, a comprehensive heat transfer enhancement system is summarized, aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the study of heat transfer enhancement in energy piles. The optimization status of different buried pipe types and pipe parameters is also summarized. The heat transfer performance and mechanical properties of different modified concrete materials are studied. A comparison and analysis of the heat transfer performance and flow characteristics of different types of circulating mediums with nanofluids are conducted, providing new approaches to improve the heat transfer performance of circulating mediums. Finally, discussions and prospects were made on the external environmental conditions around the pile, thermal interference phenomena of pile groups, energy storage concrete, the long-term stability of nanofluids, benefit assessment, and ecological evaluation. These efforts aim to promote research on energy piles both domestically and internationally.</p>