<p>The investigation of mixed convection stagnation point flow in Carreau–Yasuda tri-hybrid nanofluids is vital for applications in cutting-edge cooling frameworks, like hardware, auto, and aviation, where upgraded heat exchange and extraordinary non-Newtonian fluid properties improve thermal efficiency and performance. This study investigates the mixed convection stagnation point flow of a Carreau − Yasuda tri-hybrid nanofluid <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14386_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="225" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left(A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}-F{e}_{3}{O}_{4}-Ti{O}_{2}/{H}_{2}O\right)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>F</mi> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>O</mi> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> influenced by magnetohydrodynamics on a convectively heated stretched surface. We explore the impacts of the Brownian motion parameter and the thermophoresis parameter on the flow. Utilizing similarity transformation, we derive the dimensionless form of the governing nonlinear ODEs, which are then numerically solved using the bvp5c method in MATLAB. The numerical and graphical outcomes, reflecting physical quantities such as Sherwood number, skin friction coefficients, and Nusselt number, are examined concerning various physical parameters. Our findings reveal that an upsurge in the thermophoresis parameter, Biot number, buoyancy ratio parameter, and Brownian motion parameter leads to enhancements in shear stress, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number.</p>

A numerical study of Carreau–Yasuda tri-hybrid nanofluid over a convective heated surface near a stagnation point

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年6月27日

查看全文

Abdul Rauf,
Faisal,
Fida Hussain,
Nehad Ali Shah

摘要

The investigation of mixed convection stagnation point flow in Carreau–Yasuda tri-hybrid nanofluids is vital for applications in cutting-edge cooling frameworks, like hardware, auto, and aviation, where upgraded heat exchange and extraordinary non-Newtonian fluid properties improve thermal efficiency and performance. This study investigates the mixed convection stagnation point flow of a Carreau − Yasuda tri-hybrid nanofluid $\left(A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}-F{e}_{3}{O}_{4}-Ti{O}_{2}/{H}_{2}O\right)$ $(A l_{2} O_{3} - F e_{3} O_{4} - T i O_{2} / H_{2} O)$ influenced by magnetohydrodynamics on a convectively heated stretched surface. We explore the impacts of the Brownian motion parameter and the thermophoresis parameter on the flow. Utilizing similarity transformation, we derive the dimensionless form of the governing nonlinear ODEs, which are then numerically solved using the bvp5c method in MATLAB. The numerical and graphical outcomes, reflecting physical quantities such as Sherwood number, skin friction coefficients, and Nusselt number, are examined concerning various physical parameters. Our findings reveal that an upsurge in the thermophoresis parameter, Biot number, buoyancy ratio parameter, and Brownian motion parameter leads to enhancements in shear stress, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number.