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<p>Historical and cultural blocks are important components of a city. During the process of activating and utilizing historical buildings, due to the high building density in the blocks and the generally small fire separation distances between buildings, once a fire breaks out, the fire is extremely likely to spread among the buildings. How to maximize the protection of the historical architectural styles while meeting the requirements of fire separation distances is worthy of in-depth discussion and research. Taking the historical buildings in a certain block in Foshan as an example, combined with the actual situation of the investigation, this paper adopts FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) fire numerical simulation. Nine simulation scenarios were established, comprising three heat release rates and three window opening ratios. The variation trends of the thermal radiation intensity in different directions outside the windows of the burning building under different fire scenarios and window opening ratios are analyzed, and the influences of the horizontal offset distance from the central position, the vertical offset distance from the central position, the distance from the burning building, the fire source power, and the window opening ratio on the thermal radiation intensity outside the windows are explored. The results demonstrate that: (1) Thermal radiation intensity at measurement points decreases with increasing building separation distance and horizontal offset distance, while following an initial increase and subsequent decrease pattern with vertical offset distance; (2) Heat release rate significantly affects thermal radiation intensity, showing a marked positive correlation; (3) Window-to-wall ratio exhibits limited influence, with only marginal intensity reduction observed; (4) Increasing fire separation distances between buildings, controlling fire loads within structures, and implementing heat release rate mitigation measures can effectively curb fire spread between buildings. A predictive model for window external thermal radiation intensity was developed through numerical simulation fitting. These findings provide critical references for thermal radiation prediction, fire separation distance determination, and fire protection system configuration during historic building adaptive reuse projects.</p>

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Analysis and prediction of multi-factor influence on external thermal radiation intensity of windows in historical buildings on fire: taking a historical and cultural district in Foshan as an example

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月4日

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  • Jialing Liu,
  • Qihou Zhang,
  • Ying Chen

摘要

Historical and cultural blocks are important components of a city. During the process of activating and utilizing historical buildings, due to the high building density in the blocks and the generally small fire separation distances between buildings, once a fire breaks out, the fire is extremely likely to spread among the buildings. How to maximize the protection of the historical architectural styles while meeting the requirements of fire separation distances is worthy of in-depth discussion and research. Taking the historical buildings in a certain block in Foshan as an example, combined with the actual situation of the investigation, this paper adopts FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) fire numerical simulation. Nine simulation scenarios were established, comprising three heat release rates and three window opening ratios. The variation trends of the thermal radiation intensity in different directions outside the windows of the burning building under different fire scenarios and window opening ratios are analyzed, and the influences of the horizontal offset distance from the central position, the vertical offset distance from the central position, the distance from the burning building, the fire source power, and the window opening ratio on the thermal radiation intensity outside the windows are explored. The results demonstrate that: (1) Thermal radiation intensity at measurement points decreases with increasing building separation distance and horizontal offset distance, while following an initial increase and subsequent decrease pattern with vertical offset distance; (2) Heat release rate significantly affects thermal radiation intensity, showing a marked positive correlation; (3) Window-to-wall ratio exhibits limited influence, with only marginal intensity reduction observed; (4) Increasing fire separation distances between buildings, controlling fire loads within structures, and implementing heat release rate mitigation measures can effectively curb fire spread between buildings. A predictive model for window external thermal radiation intensity was developed through numerical simulation fitting. These findings provide critical references for thermal radiation prediction, fire separation distance determination, and fire protection system configuration during historic building adaptive reuse projects.