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<p>Nanoparticles (NPs) in addition to diesel and biodiesel in diesel engines have shown remarkable results in improving thermal performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. However, research on the synthesis of different novel NPs and their influence on these parameters with varying NP concentration is still in its early stages. This study aims to achieve better engine performance and emissions behavior by utilizing two types: novel NPs (barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>)) which have been manufactured using in house facility and have not been previously utilized as a fuel additive. Castor biodiesel (C20) having 80% diesel and 20% castor biodiesel was used as a base fuel to produce four unique ternary fuels with 50&#xa0;ppm and 100&#xa0;ppm dosage of NPs. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant was added alongside NPs, followed by probe and bath sonication to ensure the stability of nano fuels. C20Ba100 (20% castor biodiesel, 80% diesel, and 100&#xa0;ppm BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) revealed promising results with an increase of 6.47% in BTE and reduction of 8.1% in BSFC in contrast to diesel, while CO, HC, and NOx emissions on average decreased by 37.7%, 22.4%, and 26%, respectively. Peak heat release rate and cylinder pressure were observed for C20Ba100 among the nano fuel blends. These findings will aid in producing sustainable, eco-friendly, and economically viable nano fuels.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Addition of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles to castor biodiesel for diesel engine application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • Muteeb ul Haq,
  • Ali Turab Jafry,
  • Wajahat Ullah Khan

摘要

Nanoparticles (NPs) in addition to diesel and biodiesel in diesel engines have shown remarkable results in improving thermal performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. However, research on the synthesis of different novel NPs and their influence on these parameters with varying NP concentration is still in its early stages. This study aims to achieve better engine performance and emissions behavior by utilizing two types: novel NPs (barium titanate (BaTiO3) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)) which have been manufactured using in house facility and have not been previously utilized as a fuel additive. Castor biodiesel (C20) having 80% diesel and 20% castor biodiesel was used as a base fuel to produce four unique ternary fuels with 50 ppm and 100 ppm dosage of NPs. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant was added alongside NPs, followed by probe and bath sonication to ensure the stability of nano fuels. C20Ba100 (20% castor biodiesel, 80% diesel, and 100 ppm BaTiO3) revealed promising results with an increase of 6.47% in BTE and reduction of 8.1% in BSFC in contrast to diesel, while CO, HC, and NOx emissions on average decreased by 37.7%, 22.4%, and 26%, respectively. Peak heat release rate and cylinder pressure were observed for C20Ba100 among the nano fuel blends. These findings will aid in producing sustainable, eco-friendly, and economically viable nano fuels.

Graphical abstract