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<p>The spill fires, particularly those resulting from tanker truck leakage in tunnels, present significant challenges due to their sudden onset and rapid spread. To investigate the spread and burning behaviors of a spill fire on asphalt road in a tunnel, a series of experiments were conducted. These experiments aimed to analyze the effects of asphalt/sand particle size on the spread distance, initial spread rate, and quasi-steady burning rate, as well as to calculate the proportions of heat feedback and loss. The results indicated that the tunnel spill fires can be divided into four stages, notably without a shrinkage stage. In the initial spread stage, larger sand particles accelerated the fire spread by reducing the sand adsorption capacity for fuel. During the quasi-steady burning stage, increased particle size caused the sand layer to loosen, thereby decreasing both the heat transfer rate and the burning rate. The tunnel's semi-enclosed nature resulted in higher total thermal feedback compared to open environments due to heat accumulation and enhanced thermal conduction feedback. Heat convection and conduction were identified as the primary mechanisms of heat transfer in spill fires, accounting for over 90% of the total in tunnel environment. This work contributes to an understanding of spill fire dynamics on porous substrate in confined spaces.</p>

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Heat transfer and spread characteristics of continuous spill fires on sand substrate in a tunnel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月26日

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  • Ning Luo,
  • Haiqiang Liu,
  • Jia Song,
  • Haihang Li,
  • Jiahao Liu

摘要

The spill fires, particularly those resulting from tanker truck leakage in tunnels, present significant challenges due to their sudden onset and rapid spread. To investigate the spread and burning behaviors of a spill fire on asphalt road in a tunnel, a series of experiments were conducted. These experiments aimed to analyze the effects of asphalt/sand particle size on the spread distance, initial spread rate, and quasi-steady burning rate, as well as to calculate the proportions of heat feedback and loss. The results indicated that the tunnel spill fires can be divided into four stages, notably without a shrinkage stage. In the initial spread stage, larger sand particles accelerated the fire spread by reducing the sand adsorption capacity for fuel. During the quasi-steady burning stage, increased particle size caused the sand layer to loosen, thereby decreasing both the heat transfer rate and the burning rate. The tunnel's semi-enclosed nature resulted in higher total thermal feedback compared to open environments due to heat accumulation and enhanced thermal conduction feedback. Heat convection and conduction were identified as the primary mechanisms of heat transfer in spill fires, accounting for over 90% of the total in tunnel environment. This work contributes to an understanding of spill fire dynamics on porous substrate in confined spaces.