Cross-diffusion process for degradation of methylene blue by unsteady MHD Casson natural heat-driven nanofluid flow via an absorbent vertical heated cone in a porous membrane
摘要
The cross-diffusion process in MB degradation harnessing heat-driven MHD radiative Casson nanofluids advances wastewater treatment improves the thermal treatment of porous media and optimizes the chemical reaction processes with energy efficiency. These applications contribute to environmental sustainability and advanced industrial fluid dynamics. Drawing from these influential applications, this study numerically and experimentally investigates the effectiveness of cross-diffusion process in methylene blue (MB) degradation using natural heat-driven MHD radiative Casson nanofluid stream over the heated vertical cone in a porous membrane, incorporating heat supply and reactive species interactions. Since the outlined problem continuous to be unexplored and thus the findings reported in this study are novel and contribute to advancing the field. In this analysis, we considered two different nanofluids which have been synthesized by two different Cu and TiO2 nanoparticles with base fluid being a mixture of water and ethylene–glycol. The dimensional PDEs of the offered model with initial and frontier settings are transmuted to dimensionless form by using the non-dimensional parameters which are then courteously unraveled by the finite difference numerical strategy. The ramifications of relatable parameters involved in the flow on velocity, temperature, and species reaction distributions are incisively analyzed through graphical depictions, while their profound effects on wall shear stress, thermal transport rate, and solutal transport rate are comprehensively presented in tabular format and then deeply discussed. The significant outcomes in this research exposed that an increased thermal diffusion, radiation, and permeability of the medium develop velocity distribution for both nanofluids but magnetic field, angle-inclination, and Casson parameter shorten velocity distribution for both nanofluids. The thermal field for both nanofluids enhanced by increasing the diffusion-thermo, heat supply and radiation stimulus but it decays on growing nanoparticle volume fraction. The concentration field for both nanofluids reduced with increasing chemical reactive parameter and Schmidt number, whereas thermo-diffusion effect continued the concentration field. Further, the flow fields have shown higher for Cu-WEG nanofluid than TiO2-WEG nanofluid. Remarkably, experimental results obviously confirm that iron molybdate exhibits exceptional efficacy of 91% in methylene blue (MB) removal during the photocatalytic process.