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<p>Using a computational analysis, this study looks into the thermal and flow properties of blood-based hybrid nanofluids for peristaltic flow in a 3D porous curved duct. The gold and iron oxide nanoparticles are inserted in the blood to prepare the hybrid nanofluid. The Casson fluid model is used to represent the non-Newtonian characteristics of the blood. The thermal profile of the fluid is assumed to be influenced by thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. The walls of the curved duct along y-direction are convectively heated. The phenomenon of entropy generation is also studied in the present work. This model includes the system of highly nonlinear PDEs that is simplified through physical assumptions concerning the lubrication approximations. The finite element method is employed to solve the resulting partial differential equations. The 2D and 3D graphical results are developed for different parameters to see the behavior of velocity, temperature, and entropy. The significant findings include that the velocity profile is more pronounced for hybrid nanofluid than the mono nanofluid. Further, the curvature ratio parameter influences the fluid flow in an altered way and the decrease is notably more in case of mono nanofluid. The compliant walls properties contribute to upsurge fluid temperature and in the presence of hybrid nanoparticles lead to a slightly more increase in temperature when compared with the presence of mono nanoparticles. Furthermore, the heat convection from the duct surface led to an increase in fluid temperature.</p>

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Advanced thermal computational study of heat transfer optimization with energy conservation in a duct having compliant walls using hybrid Au: Fe2O3 nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Noreen Sher Akbar,
  • Javaria Akram,
  • E. N. Maraj,
  • Marei S. Alqarni,
  • M. Fiaz Hussain,
  • Muhammad Farooq

摘要

Using a computational analysis, this study looks into the thermal and flow properties of blood-based hybrid nanofluids for peristaltic flow in a 3D porous curved duct. The gold and iron oxide nanoparticles are inserted in the blood to prepare the hybrid nanofluid. The Casson fluid model is used to represent the non-Newtonian characteristics of the blood. The thermal profile of the fluid is assumed to be influenced by thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. The walls of the curved duct along y-direction are convectively heated. The phenomenon of entropy generation is also studied in the present work. This model includes the system of highly nonlinear PDEs that is simplified through physical assumptions concerning the lubrication approximations. The finite element method is employed to solve the resulting partial differential equations. The 2D and 3D graphical results are developed for different parameters to see the behavior of velocity, temperature, and entropy. The significant findings include that the velocity profile is more pronounced for hybrid nanofluid than the mono nanofluid. Further, the curvature ratio parameter influences the fluid flow in an altered way and the decrease is notably more in case of mono nanofluid. The compliant walls properties contribute to upsurge fluid temperature and in the presence of hybrid nanoparticles lead to a slightly more increase in temperature when compared with the presence of mono nanoparticles. Furthermore, the heat convection from the duct surface led to an increase in fluid temperature.