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<p>Aluminum butylmethylphosphinate (AiBMP) as a flame retardant and phenolphthalein as a synergistic agent are applied to thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPU) in the present study. The flame retardancy, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and dielectric constant of TPU/AiBMP with or without phenolphthalein were investigated. With the addition of 20 mass% AiBMP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of TPU increased from 20 to 27% with a UL 94V-1 rating in the vertical burning test. The dielectric constant was reduced from 19.3 to 10.9 and the dielectric loss from 0.703 to 0.254 at 1000&#xa0;Hz. However, the mechanical tensile strength and elongation at break are reduced by 42.5% and 35.2%, respectively, compared to pure TPU. Phenolphthalein is very effective in improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of TPU. With the addition of 5 mass% phenolphthalein and 15 mass% AiBMP, the LOI of TPU/15AiBMP/5Ph increased dramatically to 36% and the sample passed UL 94V-0. The tensile strength improved by 16.3% compared to the TPU with 20 mass% AiBMP, and the elongation at break reached the same level as pure TPU. Scanning electron microscopy images show that phenolphthalein acts as a plasticizer to improve the dispersion of AiBMP within the TPU. Infrared spectra analysis showed that a hydrogen bond exists between phenolphthalein and TPU. The plasticizing effect and hydrogen bonding are the main reasons for improving the tensile strength and maintaining the elongation of the TPU at a high level. In addition, the benzene-rich structure provides good char formation of phenolphthalein, which prevents the dripping of the molten TPU and improves the solid-phase flame retardancy.</p>

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Flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane containing aluminum butylmethylphosphinate and phenolphthalein with enhanced mechanical properties and low dielectric permission

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月6日

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  • Yijia Wang,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Sha Pen,
  • Jia Chen,
  • Liyong Zou,
  • Xueqing Liu,
  • Jiyan Liu

摘要

Aluminum butylmethylphosphinate (AiBMP) as a flame retardant and phenolphthalein as a synergistic agent are applied to thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPU) in the present study. The flame retardancy, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and dielectric constant of TPU/AiBMP with or without phenolphthalein were investigated. With the addition of 20 mass% AiBMP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of TPU increased from 20 to 27% with a UL 94V-1 rating in the vertical burning test. The dielectric constant was reduced from 19.3 to 10.9 and the dielectric loss from 0.703 to 0.254 at 1000 Hz. However, the mechanical tensile strength and elongation at break are reduced by 42.5% and 35.2%, respectively, compared to pure TPU. Phenolphthalein is very effective in improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of TPU. With the addition of 5 mass% phenolphthalein and 15 mass% AiBMP, the LOI of TPU/15AiBMP/5Ph increased dramatically to 36% and the sample passed UL 94V-0. The tensile strength improved by 16.3% compared to the TPU with 20 mass% AiBMP, and the elongation at break reached the same level as pure TPU. Scanning electron microscopy images show that phenolphthalein acts as a plasticizer to improve the dispersion of AiBMP within the TPU. Infrared spectra analysis showed that a hydrogen bond exists between phenolphthalein and TPU. The plasticizing effect and hydrogen bonding are the main reasons for improving the tensile strength and maintaining the elongation of the TPU at a high level. In addition, the benzene-rich structure provides good char formation of phenolphthalein, which prevents the dripping of the molten TPU and improves the solid-phase flame retardancy.