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<p>This study examines the 3D flow of blood-based dihybrid nanofluid within the porous curved duct. The dihybrid nanofluid contains gold and iron oxide nanoparticles. The key characteristics of blood across different ranges of relaxation and retardation time are captured through the non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid model. The analysis includes heat transfer enhancement considering wall flexibility condition, viscous dissipation, and entropy generation. The governing partial differential equations are simplified into ordinary differential equations using appropriate dimensionless variables and longwave length and low Reynolds number approximation. Numerical solutions are obtained using the Galerkin finite element method. Graphical representations illustrate the effects of various emerging parameters on the dimensionless profiles of velocity, temperature, entropy, Bejan number and pressure. This study effectively addresses gaps in the existing literature and contributes new insights to the field. Medium porosity, Jeffrey fluid parameter, Biot number, cross-sectional aspect ratio and complaint wall properties, contribute to enhance fluid temperature and this increase is slightly more in case of gold/blood nanofluid as compared to Au-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/blood hybrid nanofluid, while Prandtl number, and radiation parameter influence the fluid temperature within the curved duct regime by decreasing it. This model finds extensive application in engineering processes and industrial fluid mechanics.</p>

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Advanced FEM analysis of thermal transport and flow dynamics in Au-Fe2O3 blood-based hybrid nanoliquids for biomedical applications: insights into tissue engineering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Noreen Sher Akbar,
  • Javaria Akram,
  • M. Fiaz Hussain,
  • E. N. Maraj,
  • Taseer Muhammad

摘要

This study examines the 3D flow of blood-based dihybrid nanofluid within the porous curved duct. The dihybrid nanofluid contains gold and iron oxide nanoparticles. The key characteristics of blood across different ranges of relaxation and retardation time are captured through the non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid model. The analysis includes heat transfer enhancement considering wall flexibility condition, viscous dissipation, and entropy generation. The governing partial differential equations are simplified into ordinary differential equations using appropriate dimensionless variables and longwave length and low Reynolds number approximation. Numerical solutions are obtained using the Galerkin finite element method. Graphical representations illustrate the effects of various emerging parameters on the dimensionless profiles of velocity, temperature, entropy, Bejan number and pressure. This study effectively addresses gaps in the existing literature and contributes new insights to the field. Medium porosity, Jeffrey fluid parameter, Biot number, cross-sectional aspect ratio and complaint wall properties, contribute to enhance fluid temperature and this increase is slightly more in case of gold/blood nanofluid as compared to Au-Fe2O3/blood hybrid nanofluid, while Prandtl number, and radiation parameter influence the fluid temperature within the curved duct regime by decreasing it. This model finds extensive application in engineering processes and industrial fluid mechanics.