<p>Amidst escalating global energy demands due to population growth, petroleum remains the primary energy source, exacerbating environmental issues linked to fossil fuel use. This study explores the kinetic aspects of producing renewable hydrocarbons from sunflower oil, utilizing custom catalysts composed of cobalt and molybdenum oxide-impregnated microporous HZSM-5 zeolite. Extensive characterization via XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and TGA analyses is performed. Employing the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) models, a meticulous kinetic analysis is conducted. Sunflower oil thermal degradation, both with and without catalysts, is observed under varying heating rates (β) from 10 to 40 ºC&#xa0;min⁻¹. Subsequently, activation energies (Ea) are calculated across conversion rates (α) ranging from 5 to 90%. Comprehensive thermodynamic evaluation covers pre-exponential factor (A), enthalpy change (Δ<i>H</i>), Gibbs free energy change (Δ<i>G</i>), and entropy change (Δ<i>S</i>). Catalyst-induced catalytic activity is evident in sunflower oil degradation; OFW and KAS models confirm lowered Ea, validating catalytic effectiveness. The Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst stands out, achieving an unmatched 27% reduction via OFW and 28% via KAS. Comparing the kinetic models, linear correlation coefficients (R²) affirm their applicability in depicting sunflower oil degradation. Thermodynamic analysis reveals positive Δ<i>H</i> denoting endothermic reactions, and positive Δ<i>G</i> indicating non-spontaneity − typical of thermal degradation. Negative Δ<i>S</i> trends correlate with increased conversion rates, aligning with entropy changes due to elevated temperatures. In essence, this research unveils a sustainable energy avenue, capitalizing on catalyst potential, notably Mo/HZSM-5. This contribution promises advancements in renewable energy and catalytic science, fostering eco-friendly fuel synthesis.</p> Graphic abstract <p></p>