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<p>This study introduces Cu<sub>x</sub>Sr<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>1.6</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>X</i> = 0, 0.4) as a novel photocatalyst synthesized via the sol-gel method for ciprofloxacin degradation in water systems. This composition, which combines strontium, aluminum, and copper in a spinel ferrite structure, represents a significant advancement in antibiotic remediation technology. Key findings reveal that copper doping decreased the bandgap from 2.8 to 2.6 eV, increased surface area by 38% (from 31 to 43 m<sup>2</sup>/g), and dramatically enhanced photocatalytic performance. The Cu-doped catalyst achieved 100% ciprofloxacin degradation within 75 min under optimized conditions of pH 7, 30 °C, 10 mg catalyst dosage, and 10 ppm ciprofloxacin concentration, with a second-order rate constant of 0.00756 L mg<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> under visible light irradiation (100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>)., compared to only 54% for the undoped material. Hydroxyl radicals were identified as the primary reactive species, with degradation following second-order kinetics. The catalyst maintained over 94% efficiency after recycling five times, demonstrating its excellent stability. With superior quantum yield (3.21 × 10⁻⁶ molecules/photon) and minimal catalyst dosage requirements, this material offers a sustainable solution for the remediation of pharmaceutical contaminants. The findings have significant potential for implementation in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants and water purification systems.</p><p></p>

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Enhanced photodegradation of ciprofloxacin by Cu-doped spinel ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and mechanistic insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Cumali Celik,
  • Aseel A. Kadhem,
  • Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi,
  • Dharmesh Sur,
  • Suhas Ballal,
  • Bilakshan Purohit,
  • Subhashree Ray,
  • Naveen Chandra Talniya,
  • Devendra Pratap Rao,
  • Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah,
  • Muhammad Yasar

摘要

This study introduces CuxSr1-xAl0.4Fe1.6O4 (X = 0, 0.4) as a novel photocatalyst synthesized via the sol-gel method for ciprofloxacin degradation in water systems. This composition, which combines strontium, aluminum, and copper in a spinel ferrite structure, represents a significant advancement in antibiotic remediation technology. Key findings reveal that copper doping decreased the bandgap from 2.8 to 2.6 eV, increased surface area by 38% (from 31 to 43 m2/g), and dramatically enhanced photocatalytic performance. The Cu-doped catalyst achieved 100% ciprofloxacin degradation within 75 min under optimized conditions of pH 7, 30 °C, 10 mg catalyst dosage, and 10 ppm ciprofloxacin concentration, with a second-order rate constant of 0.00756 L mg−1 min−1 under visible light irradiation (100 mW/cm2)., compared to only 54% for the undoped material. Hydroxyl radicals were identified as the primary reactive species, with degradation following second-order kinetics. The catalyst maintained over 94% efficiency after recycling five times, demonstrating its excellent stability. With superior quantum yield (3.21 × 10⁻⁶ molecules/photon) and minimal catalyst dosage requirements, this material offers a sustainable solution for the remediation of pharmaceutical contaminants. The findings have significant potential for implementation in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants and water purification systems.