Boron-doped graphene anchored with Bi2S3-decorated carbon photocatalyst for removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater
摘要
In the current study, an in situ hydrothermal synthesis was performed to synthesize composites of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) and carbon (C). Additionally, a composite of Bi2S3/C with boron-doped graphene was prepared through ultrasonication. Photodegradation of commercially available drugs (ciprofloxacin and paracetamol) was used to explore the photodegradation activity of the photocatalysts (Bi2S3, Bi2S3/C, and Bi2S3/C/B-doped graphene nanocomposite). XRD data indicated that the Bi2S3 crystallized in the orthorhombic crystal system with an average crystallite size of 12 to 13 nm. PL analysis revealed the lowest peak intensity for the Bi2S3/C/B-doped graphene nanocomposite, consistent with a reduced rate of recombination and an increase in the life of electron-hole pairs. An optical study showed a decrease in the bandgap of Bi2S3 after composite formation, which effectively improved the photodegradation rate. Scavenging results revealed that the hydroxyl radicals are the most active species during the photoreaction mechanism. Overall, the Bi2S3/C/B-doped graphene nanocomposite possessed the lowest PL intensity and a large surface area, which improved its light absorption and charge separation capability. These features make it appropriate for photocatalysis and also highlight its potential in water purification in the drug industry.
Graphical Abstract