<p>The sustainable and eco-friendly approach was employed for the synthesis of manganese oxide (Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanomaterials with <i>Cassia tora</i> leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The green-synthesized Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles exhibited a spongy and granular morphology, as confirmed by SEM and TEM analyses, with an average particle size of 21 nm, promoting efficient electrolyte ion diffusion. The Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrode, tested in 1 M KOH electrolyte, delivered remarkable pseudocapacitive performance with a specific capacitance of 468 F/g at 5 mV/s from CV analysis and 249 F/g at 3 A/g from GCD measurements. The capacitive behavior was governed by a diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanism, as supported by kinetic separation studies. The asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor device (ASSD) (Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>| |1M PVA-KOH| |AC) exhibited a high energy density of 98 Wh/kg and a power density of 2064 W/kg, with outstanding cyclic stability, retaining 97.6% of its capacitance after 10,000 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a low equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 3.5 Ω, highlighting excellent conductivity and electrode-electrolyte compatibility. The successful fabrication and integration of green Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanomaterials into a high-performance supercapacitor device underscore their potential in next-generation, sustainable energy storage systems.</p><p></p>

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Green synthesis of Mn3O4 nanomaterials by Cassia tora leaves extract for supercapacitor device with activated carbon

  • Rushikesh G. Bobade,
  • Akhil P. Khedulkar,
  • Shilpa Pande,
  • Navnath S. Padalkar,
  • Jong Pil Park,
  • Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh,
  • Pravinkumar B. Nagore,
  • Pradip B. Sarawade,
  • Syed Sarim Imam,
  • Revanappa C. Ambare

摘要

The sustainable and eco-friendly approach was employed for the synthesis of manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanomaterials with Cassia tora leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The green-synthesized Mn3O4 nanoparticles exhibited a spongy and granular morphology, as confirmed by SEM and TEM analyses, with an average particle size of 21 nm, promoting efficient electrolyte ion diffusion. The Mn3O4 electrode, tested in 1 M KOH electrolyte, delivered remarkable pseudocapacitive performance with a specific capacitance of 468 F/g at 5 mV/s from CV analysis and 249 F/g at 3 A/g from GCD measurements. The capacitive behavior was governed by a diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanism, as supported by kinetic separation studies. The asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor device (ASSD) (Mn3O4| |1M PVA-KOH| |AC) exhibited a high energy density of 98 Wh/kg and a power density of 2064 W/kg, with outstanding cyclic stability, retaining 97.6% of its capacitance after 10,000 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a low equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 3.5 Ω, highlighting excellent conductivity and electrode-electrolyte compatibility. The successful fabrication and integration of green Mn3O4 nanomaterials into a high-performance supercapacitor device underscore their potential in next-generation, sustainable energy storage systems.