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<p>In this work, a novel Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite material was synthesized by using an ultrasonic wave-assisted modified sol-gel technique by incorporating cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant for improved morphological control and homogeneous dopant dispersion. To optimize structural, optical and biological functionalities, doping concentrations of 1, 3 and 5% europium on TiO<sub>2</sub> were investigated. XRD analysis confirms the co-existence of anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> and cubic Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phases, with crystallite size decreased from 15.02 nm for pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> (PT) to 10.09 nm for 5% europium on TiO<sub>2</sub> (5ET). It is found that, for 5ET nanocomposite material, lattice distortion caused by Eu<sup>3+</sup> due to a larger ionic radius (0.947 Å) than Ti<sup>4+</sup> (0.605 Å). The modification of electronic transitions was confirmed by UV-DRS spectra, which shows a blue shift in the absorption edge and an increase in the band gap energy from 3.23 eV for PT to 3.59 eV for 5ET. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited enhanced defect-mediated emissions with optimal intensity at 3ET, suggesting suppressed electron-hole recombination. E<sub>g</sub>, B<sub>1g</sub>, A<sub>1g</sub> and E<sub>g</sub> vibrations were identified using Raman analysis. HR-TEM and FE-SEM confirm uniform distribution of spherical-shaped particles with average particle sizes of 20.95 ± 1.12 nm (PT) and 21.27 ± 1.27 nm for 3% europium on TiO<sub>2</sub> (3ET), which closely matched with XRD-derived crystallite sizes. The successful dopant incorporation has been confirmed by XPS, which confirms the oxidation states of O<sup>2-</sup>, Ti<sup>4+</sup> and Eu<sup>3+</sup>. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activity, which measures antioxidant efficacy, shows a remarkable scavenging efficiency of 47.74% at 1000 μg/mL for 5ET, which is much higher than that of pristine materials (~39%). Notably, 3ET demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity at 1000 μg/mL, superior to pristine and heavily doped materials, with a zone of inhibition of 25 mm against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and 15 mm against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Strategic Eu<sup>3+</sup> doping improves the nanocomposite material’s potential for biological and environmental applications, including antibacterial and antioxidant properties.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Morphology-controlled Eu2O3-TiO2 nanocomposites: Biofunctional synergies through rare-earth doping

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Amol Dhadage,
  • Akash Nagare,
  • Pravin Ghare,
  • Ramesh Naval,
  • Anil Athare,
  • Madhukar Navgire

摘要

In this work, a novel Eu2O3-TiO2 nanocomposite material was synthesized by using an ultrasonic wave-assisted modified sol-gel technique by incorporating cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant for improved morphological control and homogeneous dopant dispersion. To optimize structural, optical and biological functionalities, doping concentrations of 1, 3 and 5% europium on TiO2 were investigated. XRD analysis confirms the co-existence of anatase TiO2 and cubic Eu2O3 phases, with crystallite size decreased from 15.02 nm for pristine TiO2 (PT) to 10.09 nm for 5% europium on TiO2 (5ET). It is found that, for 5ET nanocomposite material, lattice distortion caused by Eu3+ due to a larger ionic radius (0.947 Å) than Ti4+ (0.605 Å). The modification of electronic transitions was confirmed by UV-DRS spectra, which shows a blue shift in the absorption edge and an increase in the band gap energy from 3.23 eV for PT to 3.59 eV for 5ET. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited enhanced defect-mediated emissions with optimal intensity at 3ET, suggesting suppressed electron-hole recombination. Eg, B1g, A1g and Eg vibrations were identified using Raman analysis. HR-TEM and FE-SEM confirm uniform distribution of spherical-shaped particles with average particle sizes of 20.95 ± 1.12 nm (PT) and 21.27 ± 1.27 nm for 3% europium on TiO2 (3ET), which closely matched with XRD-derived crystallite sizes. The successful dopant incorporation has been confirmed by XPS, which confirms the oxidation states of O2-, Ti4+ and Eu3+. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activity, which measures antioxidant efficacy, shows a remarkable scavenging efficiency of 47.74% at 1000 μg/mL for 5ET, which is much higher than that of pristine materials (~39%). Notably, 3ET demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity at 1000 μg/mL, superior to pristine and heavily doped materials, with a zone of inhibition of 25 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 15 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Strategic Eu3+ doping improves the nanocomposite material’s potential for biological and environmental applications, including antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

Graphical Abstract