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<p>Multilayer ZnTiO₃ thin films were synthesized on porous silicon (PS) substrates via a sol–gel spin-coating process, and their structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties were systematically investigated as a function of layer number. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the hexagonal ZnTiO₃ phase, with enhanced crystallinity and reduced microstrain in thicker films. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed a red shift of the absorption edge and a corresponding decrease in band gap energy from 3.81 to 3.06 eV, attributed to improved light harvesting and defect-mediated transitions. Morphological analyses indicated a transformation from discontinuous nanoparticles to compact nanocrystalline films with higher surface coverage on PS. These structural and optical improvements led to superior photocatalytic activity, achieving nearly complete methylene blue degradation under sunlight within 180 min. The results demonstrate that the synergistic coupling between ZnTiO₃ and porous silicon, combined with multilayer stacking, effectively enhances light absorption and charge separation, making this heterostructure a promising candidate for efficient solar-driven photocatalysis and environmental remediation.</p><p></p>

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Layer number effect on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of ZnTiO3 films deposited on porous silicon substrates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Khadija Hammedi,
  • Marouan Khalifa,
  • Selma Aouida,
  • Hatem Ezzaouia

摘要

Multilayer ZnTiO₃ thin films were synthesized on porous silicon (PS) substrates via a sol–gel spin-coating process, and their structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties were systematically investigated as a function of layer number. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the hexagonal ZnTiO₃ phase, with enhanced crystallinity and reduced microstrain in thicker films. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed a red shift of the absorption edge and a corresponding decrease in band gap energy from 3.81 to 3.06 eV, attributed to improved light harvesting and defect-mediated transitions. Morphological analyses indicated a transformation from discontinuous nanoparticles to compact nanocrystalline films with higher surface coverage on PS. These structural and optical improvements led to superior photocatalytic activity, achieving nearly complete methylene blue degradation under sunlight within 180 min. The results demonstrate that the synergistic coupling between ZnTiO₃ and porous silicon, combined with multilayer stacking, effectively enhances light absorption and charge separation, making this heterostructure a promising candidate for efficient solar-driven photocatalysis and environmental remediation.