Bioactive ceramic-reinforced acrylic bone cements functionalized with alendronate: enhanced calcium phosphate formation in crack zones
摘要
Bioactive acrylic bone cements were created through the use of alendronate sodium functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) reinforced with calcium titanate or bioglass 45S5. Calcium titanate (CT) with an average diameter of 86 nm were synthesized via the sol-gel method. Bioglass was also synthesized by the sol-gel method without nitrate precursors and thermally treated at 380 (BG380) and 700 °C (BG700). BG380 showed crystalline rhenanite along with amorphous silicates, whereas BG700 contained fully crystalline combeite-like and needle-shaped silico-rhenanite (∼125 nm diameter). The copolymer includes spherical particles (∼398 nm) with a zeta potential of −51 mV. Alendronate resulted in calcium phosphate formation in crack zones after 7 days, while the incorporation of bioglasses exhibited lower bioactivity because of their partial crystallinity. Contrary, CT led to enhanced deposition at crack openings within 3 days and complete closure of cracks (<16µm) after 14 days. CT-containing composite showed a compressive strength of 24 MPa prior to soaking in SBF, which dropped to 19 MPa afterwards. In comparison to similar studies, this does not eliminate the possibility of diminished crack healing as a result of calcium phosphate deposition. These results demonstrate that alendronate-functionalized copolymer matrices reinforced with bioactive ceramics can support localized calcium phosphate formation, particularly in crack zones.
Graphical Abstract