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<p>This work presents the synthesis of Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Cd<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ferrite nanoparticle using the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel phase (space group <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Fd\bar{3}m)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mover accent="true"> <mn>3</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mi>m</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, while Rietveld refinement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided insights into cation oxidation states and site occupancies. Compared to undoped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, the Cd-substituted sample exhibited an expanded lattice parameter (<i>a</i> = 8.5190 Å) and larger crystallite size (<i>D</i> = 99 nm). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed characteristic vibrational modes of tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Optical studies revealed broad UV–Vis–NIR absorption, a reduced direct bandgap of 2.13 eV, low Urbach energy (0.50 eV), a small extinction coefficient (~10⁻<sup>3</sup>), a favorable refractive index (2.33), enhanced optical conductivity, and improved dielectric properties. Magnetic measurements demonstrated a ferrimagnetic–paramagnetic transition at <i>T</i><sub>C</sub> = 470 K, soft magnetic behavior with low coercivity (19 Oe at 5 K; 9 Oe at 300 K), and moderate saturation magnetization (91.11 emu/g at 5 K; 54.35 emu/g at 300 K). Although Cd substitution reduced the magnetic performance compared to pristine NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, it markedly enhanced optoelectronic efficiency by improving visible-light absorption, transparency, and energy conversion. The Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Cd<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> sample demonstrates significant promise as a multifunctional material, particularly for applications in photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, and optoelectronics.</p><p></p>

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Structural, cation distribution, optical, and magnetic properties of sol–gel synthesized Ni0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticle for optoelectronic and microwave devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月11日

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  • Zeineb Gnichi,
  • Salah Bouazizi,
  • Fakher Hcini,
  • Sobhi Hcini,
  • Aref Omri,
  • Abdessalem Dhahri,
  • E. K. Hlil,
  • Malek Gassoumi,
  • Kamel Khirouni

摘要

This work presents the synthesis of Ni0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticle using the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel phase (space group \(Fd\bar{3}m)\) F d 3 ¯ m ) , while Rietveld refinement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided insights into cation oxidation states and site occupancies. Compared to undoped NiFe2O4, the Cd-substituted sample exhibited an expanded lattice parameter (a = 8.5190 Å) and larger crystallite size (D = 99 nm). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed characteristic vibrational modes of tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Optical studies revealed broad UV–Vis–NIR absorption, a reduced direct bandgap of 2.13 eV, low Urbach energy (0.50 eV), a small extinction coefficient (~10⁻3), a favorable refractive index (2.33), enhanced optical conductivity, and improved dielectric properties. Magnetic measurements demonstrated a ferrimagnetic–paramagnetic transition at TC = 470 K, soft magnetic behavior with low coercivity (19 Oe at 5 K; 9 Oe at 300 K), and moderate saturation magnetization (91.11 emu/g at 5 K; 54.35 emu/g at 300 K). Although Cd substitution reduced the magnetic performance compared to pristine NiFe2O4, it markedly enhanced optoelectronic efficiency by improving visible-light absorption, transparency, and energy conversion. The Ni0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 sample demonstrates significant promise as a multifunctional material, particularly for applications in photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, and optoelectronics.