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<p>When a surgeon replaces a damaged joint with an artificial implant, the risk of periprosthetic infection remains high. After surgery, metallic implants are vulnerable to periprosthetic joint infections due to corrosion. To mitigate biofilm formation, the materials and devices used as medical implants should be coated with films that provide both antimicrobial and anticorrosive properties, while also being cost-effective for the general patient population. This paper discusses the sol-gel synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> thin films, stabilized at low temperatures, and intended for use as anticorrosion coatings on medical-grade steel. In this study, clinical-grade 316L flat substrates were coated with a TiO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> sol-gel solution via the spin-coating method under ambient conditions, followed by thermal treatment at 240 °C. Additionally, silver nanoparticles were synthesized in situ within the sol-gel solution to investigate their antibacterial properties. Characterization of the coatings’ anticorrosion performance revealed that the TiO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> films demonstrated up to 98% corrosion resistance, outperforming TiO<sub>2</sub>-only coatings. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, evaluating the sensitivity of the pathogenic bacteria, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> <i>and</i> <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> with the TiO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>-Ag nanoparticles films. The results indicated that silver nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial effects against both bacterial species, with clear inhibition zones surrounding the coated samples. For <i>K. oxytoca</i>, a greater sensitivity was observed, with an average inhibition zone of 19.1 ± 0.12 mm, whereas for <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, the inhibition zone was smaller, measuring 17.2 ±  0.3 mm.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-ZrO2 thin films doped with silver nanoparticles and their potential application as antibacterial coatings for prosthetic metals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Ohtokani Cabrera Rodríguez,
  • Martín Daniel Trejo Valdez,
  • María Elena Manríquez Ramírez,
  • Dalia Castillo Hernández,
  • Adrián Farid Bustos Jiménez,
  • Rodrigo Andrés Espinosa Flores,
  • Christopher René Torres San Miguel

摘要

When a surgeon replaces a damaged joint with an artificial implant, the risk of periprosthetic infection remains high. After surgery, metallic implants are vulnerable to periprosthetic joint infections due to corrosion. To mitigate biofilm formation, the materials and devices used as medical implants should be coated with films that provide both antimicrobial and anticorrosive properties, while also being cost-effective for the general patient population. This paper discusses the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-ZrO2 thin films, stabilized at low temperatures, and intended for use as anticorrosion coatings on medical-grade steel. In this study, clinical-grade 316L flat substrates were coated with a TiO2-ZrO2 sol-gel solution via the spin-coating method under ambient conditions, followed by thermal treatment at 240 °C. Additionally, silver nanoparticles were synthesized in situ within the sol-gel solution to investigate their antibacterial properties. Characterization of the coatings’ anticorrosion performance revealed that the TiO2-ZrO2 films demonstrated up to 98% corrosion resistance, outperforming TiO2-only coatings. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, evaluating the sensitivity of the pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca with the TiO2-ZrO2-Ag nanoparticles films. The results indicated that silver nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial effects against both bacterial species, with clear inhibition zones surrounding the coated samples. For K. oxytoca, a greater sensitivity was observed, with an average inhibition zone of 19.1 ± 0.12 mm, whereas for K. pneumoniae, the inhibition zone was smaller, measuring 17.2 ±  0.3 mm.

Graphical Abstract