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<p>The present research used a wet chemical approach to fabricate ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (ZnFe), Tb<sup>3+</sup> doped ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (Tb-ZnFe) and Tb-ZnFe@CNTs via ultrasonication. The main objective of Tb<sup>3+</sup> doping and the composite with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was to tailor the optical and physical characteristics of ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to strengthen its photocatalytic activity. The bandgap energy of ZnFe and Tb-ZnFe is 2.07 and 1.99 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic efficiency of the fabricated photocatalysts was checked for methyl orange and diclofenac sodium degradation. The photocatalytic activity was found in the order: ZnFe &lt; Tb-ZnFe &lt; Tb-ZnFe@CNTs. Tb-ZnFe@CNTs composite demonstrated the maximum ability to photodegrade the pollutants owing to the large surface area provided by CNTs. The scavenging test was also carried out to determine which species were primarily more active in the photocatalytic breakdown of organic pollutants. OH<sup>•</sup> radicals were identified as the active species in the degradation process.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Simultaneous effect of trivalent rare earth Tb3+ cations and carbon nanotubes on the optical and physical parameters of nanocrystalline powder spinel ZnFe2O4 photocatalyst

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Tahani Rahil Aldhafeeri

摘要

The present research used a wet chemical approach to fabricate ZnFe2O4 (ZnFe), Tb3+ doped ZnFe2O4 (Tb-ZnFe) and Tb-ZnFe@CNTs via ultrasonication. The main objective of Tb3+ doping and the composite with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was to tailor the optical and physical characteristics of ZnFe2O4 to strengthen its photocatalytic activity. The bandgap energy of ZnFe and Tb-ZnFe is 2.07 and 1.99 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic efficiency of the fabricated photocatalysts was checked for methyl orange and diclofenac sodium degradation. The photocatalytic activity was found in the order: ZnFe < Tb-ZnFe < Tb-ZnFe@CNTs. Tb-ZnFe@CNTs composite demonstrated the maximum ability to photodegrade the pollutants owing to the large surface area provided by CNTs. The scavenging test was also carried out to determine which species were primarily more active in the photocatalytic breakdown of organic pollutants. OH• radicals were identified as the active species in the degradation process.

Graphical Abstract