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<p>Sm³ ion-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites chemical formula Mg <sub>0.8</sub>Cd <sub>0.2</sub>Sm <sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCSF), where x varies from 0.000 to 0.025 in increments of 0.005. The synthesis of materials using the Citrate Gel-Auto Combustion (CGAC) technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analysis indicated that the crystalline size and lattice constant increase with a higher concentration of Sm³⁺ ions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed that the particle size ranged from 13.6 to 26.6 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies showed that the grain size increased from 19.4 to 46.6 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), samarium (Sm), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O) in the samples, with no detectable impurities. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the presence of the cubic spinel structure and identified various functional groups, including two stretching bonds of metal nitrates. Magnetic analysis using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated hysteresis at 300 K, indicating that the synthesized samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. The squareness ratio varied from 0.100 to 0.211, along with a coercivity range from 66.44 to 106.99 Oe. These materials have potential applications in magnetic recording devices and magnetic sensors.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Structural and magnetic properties of Sm³-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites by citrate gel-auto combustion technique

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月16日

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  • S. Venu,
  • N. V. Krishna Prasad,
  • T. Ramesh Reddy,
  • N. Hari kumar,
  • K. Chandrababu Naidu,
  • G. Vinod,
  • D. Ravinder

摘要

Sm³ ion-doped Mg-Cd nanoferrites chemical formula Mg 0.8Cd 0.2Sm xFe2-xO4 (MCSF), where x varies from 0.000 to 0.025 in increments of 0.005. The synthesis of materials using the Citrate Gel-Auto Combustion (CGAC) technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analysis indicated that the crystalline size and lattice constant increase with a higher concentration of Sm³⁺ ions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed that the particle size ranged from 13.6 to 26.6 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies showed that the grain size increased from 19.4 to 46.6 nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the presence of magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), samarium (Sm), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O) in the samples, with no detectable impurities. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra confirmed the presence of the cubic spinel structure and identified various functional groups, including two stretching bonds of metal nitrates. Magnetic analysis using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated hysteresis at 300 K, indicating that the synthesized samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. The squareness ratio varied from 0.100 to 0.211, along with a coercivity range from 66.44 to 106.99 Oe. These materials have potential applications in magnetic recording devices and magnetic sensors.

Graphical Abstract