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<p>This research explores the use of aloe vera gel as a capping agent to improve Ce-Ni co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterial properties for dye degradation and antimicrobial activity. Structural and optical analyses verified the anatase phase formation via PXRD (Powder X-ray Diffraction), while UV-Vis-DRS (UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum) indicated a narrower TiO<sub>2</sub> band gap (2.24 eV) upon Ce-Ni co-doping. HRTEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy), BET (Brunauer−Emmett−Teller), and FESEM (Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis threw light on the nanostructure of the catalyst with particle size 4.1 nm, surface area 166 m<sup>2</sup>/g, and spherical morphology with a smooth surface. EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy E<sub>fb</sub>: −0.72 V) and VB-XPS (Valence band XPS E<sub>vb</sub>: 2.17 eV) validated conduction and valence band formation, whereas PL (Photoluminescence Spectrum) analysis revealed slow electron-hole recombination. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) confirmed dopant incorporation in the TiO<sub>2</sub> lattice, and XPS also specified the elemental content and oxidation states. XRF (X- ray fluorescence) spectroscopy identified the presence of all the elemental components, including the dopants. The optimized catalyst CNT2AG2 showed high photocatalytic activity, fully degrading Indigo Carmine and Malachite Green dyes within 40 and 60 min, respectively. Its higher efficiency is owed to better absorption of solar light, higher adsorption sites on the surface, and better separation of charge carriers. In addition, CNT2AG2 exhibited better antibacterial activity against <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (Gram-positive MTCC-442) and <i>Enterobacter aerogenes</i> (Gram-negative MTCC-241) and antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> (MTCC-277). It was as efficient as conventional antimicrobial agents such as chloramphenicol and tinidazole. Generally, CNT2AG2 offers an economical and viable option for wastewater treatment, which has substantial potential for applications in environmental remediation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Aloe vera gel-mediated sol-gel synthesis of Ce-Ni Co-doped TiO2 nanomaterials for efficient visible-light-driven binary dye degradation and antimicrobial applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Sai Supriya Singupilla,
  • Siva Rao Tirukkovalluri,
  • Divya Gorli,
  • Sandhya Rani Nayak,
  • Raffiunnisa,
  • Samuel Chufamo Jikamo,
  • Nageswara Rao Kadiyala,
  • Jaishree Genji

摘要

This research explores the use of aloe vera gel as a capping agent to improve Ce-Ni co-doped TiO2 nanomaterial properties for dye degradation and antimicrobial activity. Structural and optical analyses verified the anatase phase formation via PXRD (Powder X-ray Diffraction), while UV-Vis-DRS (UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum) indicated a narrower TiO2 band gap (2.24 eV) upon Ce-Ni co-doping. HRTEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy), BET (Brunauer−Emmett−Teller), and FESEM (Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis threw light on the nanostructure of the catalyst with particle size 4.1 nm, surface area 166 m2/g, and spherical morphology with a smooth surface. EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Efb: −0.72 V) and VB-XPS (Valence band XPS Evb: 2.17 eV) validated conduction and valence band formation, whereas PL (Photoluminescence Spectrum) analysis revealed slow electron-hole recombination. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) confirmed dopant incorporation in the TiO2 lattice, and XPS also specified the elemental content and oxidation states. XRF (X- ray fluorescence) spectroscopy identified the presence of all the elemental components, including the dopants. The optimized catalyst CNT2AG2 showed high photocatalytic activity, fully degrading Indigo Carmine and Malachite Green dyes within 40 and 60 min, respectively. Its higher efficiency is owed to better absorption of solar light, higher adsorption sites on the surface, and better separation of charge carriers. In addition, CNT2AG2 exhibited better antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes (Gram-positive MTCC-442) and Enterobacter aerogenes (Gram-negative MTCC-241) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MTCC-277). It was as efficient as conventional antimicrobial agents such as chloramphenicol and tinidazole. Generally, CNT2AG2 offers an economical and viable option for wastewater treatment, which has substantial potential for applications in environmental remediation.

Graphical Abstract