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<p>The current study was carried out to monitor the atmospheric particulate matter PM<sub>2.5</sub> at a suburban site in South Osaka, Japan (Kumatori Cho), over one year using daytime and nighttime sampling. Mean PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were 8.394 and 7.446 µg/m<sup>3</sup> during the day and night, respectively, both below the WHO annual guideline of 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup>. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was employed to determine mass fractions a total of 24 elements (As, Sb, Zn, W, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, K, Na, Eu, Sc, In, Cs, Ca, Mg, Al, V, Mn, La, S, Cl, Br, I). Traffic and dust related elements were systematically enriched in daytime PM<sub>2.5</sub>. For instance, Fe reached 73.9 ng/m<sup>3</sup> versus 62.3 ng/m<sup>3</sup> at night (19% higher), Zn 17.0 versus 13.0 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, and Cu 2.34 versus 2.09 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, with eight elements (Al, Br, As, K, Mn, Mg, Sc, and Zn) showing significant daytime enrichment at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. Multivariate statistical analysis was deployed. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and the US EPA positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor models identified almost identical groups of geochemical elements. PMF revealed four statistically robust factors influencing particulate matter during daytime and nighttime sampling. These factors include crustal or road dust, industrial and traffic emissions, shipping and fuel oil sources, as well as biomass burning combined with halogens during the day or biomass burning associated with coal combustion at night.</p>

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Elemental composition of atmospheric particulate matter in South Osaka, Japan: day/night variation and source apportionment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Mohamed A. Soliman,
  • Mohamed H. E. Monged,
  • Wael M. Badawy,
  • Ahmed Ashry,
  • Shun Sekimoto,
  • Koichi Takamiya,
  • Tsutomu Ohtsuki

摘要

The current study was carried out to monitor the atmospheric particulate matter PM2.5 at a suburban site in South Osaka, Japan (Kumatori Cho), over one year using daytime and nighttime sampling. Mean PM2.5 concentrations were 8.394 and 7.446 µg/m3 during the day and night, respectively, both below the WHO annual guideline of 10 µg/m3. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was employed to determine mass fractions a total of 24 elements (As, Sb, Zn, W, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, K, Na, Eu, Sc, In, Cs, Ca, Mg, Al, V, Mn, La, S, Cl, Br, I). Traffic and dust related elements were systematically enriched in daytime PM2.5. For instance, Fe reached 73.9 ng/m3 versus 62.3 ng/m3 at night (19% higher), Zn 17.0 versus 13.0 ng/m3, and Cu 2.34 versus 2.09 ng/m3, with eight elements (Al, Br, As, K, Mn, Mg, Sc, and Zn) showing significant daytime enrichment at p < 0.001. Multivariate statistical analysis was deployed. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and the US EPA positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor models identified almost identical groups of geochemical elements. PMF revealed four statistically robust factors influencing particulate matter during daytime and nighttime sampling. These factors include crustal or road dust, industrial and traffic emissions, shipping and fuel oil sources, as well as biomass burning combined with halogens during the day or biomass burning associated with coal combustion at night.