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<p>Active moss biomonitoring was applied to assess atmospheric pollution in Kurchatov (Kazakhstan), an area with a long history of anthropogenic impact from nuclear testing and industrial operations. The content of 34 potentially toxic elements was determined in exposed and unexposed moss samples using a multi-method analytical approach employing instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a direct mercury analyzer. The content of elements in exposed moss samples was considerably higher compared to unexposed samples. The resulting data were used to calculate relative accumulation factor and contamination factor values, which showed significant enrichment of exposed mosses in Ce, Tb, La, Ta, Th, Sc, U, Fe, Cr, Co, Hf, Ba, V, Al, Mg, Na, Sb, W, Ni, Sr, Cu, Cl, Pb and Ca. Furthermore, the application of correlation analysis revealed distinct associations among determined elements and enabled the identification of their potential emission sources. This work establishes a baseline for atmospheric quality in a historically significant region and demonstrates the efficacy of moss bags for environmental monitoring in Central Asia.</p>

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Assessment of atmospheric potentially toxic elements pollution in Kurchatov (former Semipalatinsk test site), Kazakhstan, using moss-bags technique

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Makhabbat Nurkassimova,
  • Nuriya Omarova,
  • Inga Zinicovscaia,
  • Ruslan Safarov,
  • Omari Chaligava,
  • Vladimir Galustov

摘要

Active moss biomonitoring was applied to assess atmospheric pollution in Kurchatov (Kazakhstan), an area with a long history of anthropogenic impact from nuclear testing and industrial operations. The content of 34 potentially toxic elements was determined in exposed and unexposed moss samples using a multi-method analytical approach employing instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a direct mercury analyzer. The content of elements in exposed moss samples was considerably higher compared to unexposed samples. The resulting data were used to calculate relative accumulation factor and contamination factor values, which showed significant enrichment of exposed mosses in Ce, Tb, La, Ta, Th, Sc, U, Fe, Cr, Co, Hf, Ba, V, Al, Mg, Na, Sb, W, Ni, Sr, Cu, Cl, Pb and Ca. Furthermore, the application of correlation analysis revealed distinct associations among determined elements and enabled the identification of their potential emission sources. This work establishes a baseline for atmospheric quality in a historically significant region and demonstrates the efficacy of moss bags for environmental monitoring in Central Asia.