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<p>The remediation of trace cobalt (Co<sup>2+</sup>) in wastewater remains challenging. This study prepared a magnetic graphitic biochar (MGBC-900) from spent mushroom substrate via one-step pyrolysis with FeCl<sub>3</sub>. MGBC-900 exhibited an ultrahigh specific surface area and excellent adsorption capacity (138.97&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>) for trace Co<sup>2+</sup>. The removal efficiency reached 99.10% at ~ 7&#xa0;mg/L, maintaining 94.50% in simulated electroplating effluent. The adsorption mechanism is proposed to involve graphitic π-electron coordination and Fe–O complexation. MGBC-900 also showed good reusability. This work presents a sustainable strategy for trace cobalt removal using agricultural waste-derived biochar.</p> Graphic abstract <p></p>

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Magnetic graphitic biochar from spent mushroom substrate for efficient removal of trace cobalt from aqueous solutions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Zhichao Fan,
  • Hui Liu,
  • Chen Li,
  • Zhirui Dou,
  • Beibei Lu,
  • Xiao Fan,
  • Songlin Gong,
  • Xinna Wang,
  • Jie Liu

摘要

The remediation of trace cobalt (Co2+) in wastewater remains challenging. This study prepared a magnetic graphitic biochar (MGBC-900) from spent mushroom substrate via one-step pyrolysis with FeCl3. MGBC-900 exhibited an ultrahigh specific surface area and excellent adsorption capacity (138.97 mg g−1) for trace Co2+. The removal efficiency reached 99.10% at ~ 7 mg/L, maintaining 94.50% in simulated electroplating effluent. The adsorption mechanism is proposed to involve graphitic π-electron coordination and Fe–O complexation. MGBC-900 also showed good reusability. This work presents a sustainable strategy for trace cobalt removal using agricultural waste-derived biochar.

Graphic abstract