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<p>This study evaluates irradiated sewage sludge as a sustainable soil conditioner for Napier grass. Sludge treated at 5–150&#xa0;kGy and supplemented with bamboo-derived liquid smoke was tested over a 40-day growth cycle to assess soil quality, plant performance, and heavy metal mobility. Irradiation lowered COD, stabilized organic matter, and enhanced nutrient availability. Napier height and biomass increased significantly relative to untreated sludge and control soil, exhibiting clear dose–response patterns. Heavy metal uptake remained minimal, confirming safe use. Overall, electron-beam treatment improves sludge quality and supports productive, low-risk biomass cultivation for sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Irradiated sewage sludge as a soil conditioner for Napier grass: impacts on heavy metal mobilization, growth dynamics, and simulation of dose–response relationships

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • S. Selambakkannu,
  • N. A. F. Othman,
  • N. L. Ishak,
  • N. A. Shukri,
  • T. M. Ting

摘要

This study evaluates irradiated sewage sludge as a sustainable soil conditioner for Napier grass. Sludge treated at 5–150 kGy and supplemented with bamboo-derived liquid smoke was tested over a 40-day growth cycle to assess soil quality, plant performance, and heavy metal mobility. Irradiation lowered COD, stabilized organic matter, and enhanced nutrient availability. Napier height and biomass increased significantly relative to untreated sludge and control soil, exhibiting clear dose–response patterns. Heavy metal uptake remained minimal, confirming safe use. Overall, electron-beam treatment improves sludge quality and supports productive, low-risk biomass cultivation for sustainable agriculture.