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<p>This study aims to determine the origin of water, its recharge processes, and its circulation time within the aquifer by examining the hydrogeochemical properties and environmental isotope (δ<sup>1</sup>⁸O, δ<sup>2</sup>H, and <sup>3</sup>H) composition of groundwater in the southern recharge area of Tuz Gölü (Aksaray, Turkey). The study area consists of lithologically similar, horizontally flat limestones and alluvial units with low topographic gradient. Within the scope of the study, samples were collected from Miocene–Pliocene-aged limestones and Pliocene–Quaternary alluvial aquifers during dry (October 2019) and rainy (May 2020) periods. The analysis results indicate that Ca–Mg–HCO<sub>3</sub> type waters are dominant in recharge areas, while Na–Cl type waters are dominant in discharge areas. This situation reflects the water–rock interaction, carbonate weathering, and evaporation process that occur during the movement of groundwater within the aquifer. The stable isotope values (δ<sup>1</sup>⁸O: − 8.47 to − 11.11‰; δ<sup>2</sup>H: − 64.12 to − 75.94‰) fall below the Global (GMWL) and Adana Meteorological Water Lines (AMWL), indicating continental precipitation and evaporation effects. Tritium (<sup>3</sup>H) values (0–6.51 TU) indicate that groundwater is largely semi-modern and ancient, thus revealing long circulation and limited renewal in the aquifer. A comprehensive evaluation of hydrogeochemical and isotopic data reveals that slow renewal and long circulation times prevail in carbonate-dominated aquifers. These findings highlight the hydrogeological sensitivity of the Tuz Gölü Basin by revealing that excessive groundwater extraction causes a decrease in the water level in Miocene-Pliocene limestones, thereby increasing the likelihood of karstic depressions and sinkholes forming.</p>

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Investigation of the environmental isotope (δ18O, δ2H, 3H) properties and hydrochemical character of groundwater in the southern recharge area of Tuz Gölü (Aksaray-Turkey)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Yusuf Gökhan Dursun,
  • Hatim Elhatip

摘要

This study aims to determine the origin of water, its recharge processes, and its circulation time within the aquifer by examining the hydrogeochemical properties and environmental isotope (δ1⁸O, δ2H, and 3H) composition of groundwater in the southern recharge area of Tuz Gölü (Aksaray, Turkey). The study area consists of lithologically similar, horizontally flat limestones and alluvial units with low topographic gradient. Within the scope of the study, samples were collected from Miocene–Pliocene-aged limestones and Pliocene–Quaternary alluvial aquifers during dry (October 2019) and rainy (May 2020) periods. The analysis results indicate that Ca–Mg–HCO3 type waters are dominant in recharge areas, while Na–Cl type waters are dominant in discharge areas. This situation reflects the water–rock interaction, carbonate weathering, and evaporation process that occur during the movement of groundwater within the aquifer. The stable isotope values (δ1⁸O: − 8.47 to − 11.11‰; δ2H: − 64.12 to − 75.94‰) fall below the Global (GMWL) and Adana Meteorological Water Lines (AMWL), indicating continental precipitation and evaporation effects. Tritium (3H) values (0–6.51 TU) indicate that groundwater is largely semi-modern and ancient, thus revealing long circulation and limited renewal in the aquifer. A comprehensive evaluation of hydrogeochemical and isotopic data reveals that slow renewal and long circulation times prevail in carbonate-dominated aquifers. These findings highlight the hydrogeological sensitivity of the Tuz Gölü Basin by revealing that excessive groundwater extraction causes a decrease in the water level in Miocene-Pliocene limestones, thereby increasing the likelihood of karstic depressions and sinkholes forming.